Surface plasmon resonance biosensors are drawing attention
due
to their real-time, label-free, and rapid characteristic. To detect
trace biomarkers (ct-DNA, mi-RNA, PD-L1), plasmonic and metal oxide
nanoparticles have been utilized for signal amplification and have
shown exciting results. To achieve uniform, reproducible, simple,
and sensitive sensor interface construction, two-dimensional materials
such as graphene and molybdenum sulfide have opened a research upsurge
and show a great possibility in the surface plasmon resonance biosensing
field due to their unique large specific surface area, excellent in-plane
electron transport effect, and singular optical properties. Here,
we provide an overview of the recent research progress on two-dimensional
materials in the field of surface plasmon resonance biosensors, including
the optoelectronic properties of two-dimensional materials, sensitivity
enhancement mechanism, and interface construction. Finally, the challenges
and development directions of detection sensitivity enhancement are
summarized and prospected. Our work will provide a useful platform
to expand the further application of two-dimensional materials in
surface plasmon resonance biosensors.