The surgical anatomy of the mandibular distribution of the facial nerve

Ziarah, Haithem A.; Atkinson, Martin E.

doi:10.1016/0007-117x(81)90001-9

Cited by 52 publications

(21 citation statements)

References 6 publications

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“…To achieve this distance the authors propose to mark a projection of one (Dingman & Grabb) or two (Ziarah & Atkinson, 1981;Cranin, 1975;Ellis & Zide, 1995;Potgieter et al, 2005) finger width below the LBM. At the time this review was carried out, we observed other recommendations as varied as making the incision at a distance of at least 1.6 cm from LBM and Gonion (Batra et al), 2.1cm (Karapinar et al) and 3 cm or more (Wang et al;Woltmann et al;Savary et al, 1997;Kim et al, 2009;Zani et al, 2003).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomic Study of the Distance Between the Lower Margin of the Mandible and the Marginal Mandibular Branch of the Facial Nerve: A Systematic Review

et al. 2014

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SUMMARY:The marginal mandibular branch of the facial nerve (MMB) has a significant variation in relation to the lower border of the mandible (LBM). That is why it is important to know its topographical description to prevent damage in submandibular surgical procedures. The objective of this study was to determine the distance between the MMB and LBM based on descriptive studies carried out on human corpses and surgical patients. A systematic review of literature in MEDLINE, "Science Citation Index Expanded" of Web of Science (ISI) databases and manual search was performed. The articles with number of samples greater than or equal to 10 facial samples and recording of measurements between the MMB and the LBM or Gonion were selected. From the selected articles, the authors registered year of publication, country of origin, number of samples, sample type (fresh, embalmed body/fixed cadavers or surgical patient), distribution percentage of the MMB in relation to LBM, average and maximum distance between MMB and LBM or Gonion. The results were presented in tables with descriptive statistic. Seventeen articles describing measurements of the distance between MMB and the lower border of the mandible carried out in cadavers and patients were selected. In these articles a total of 1,408 samples were dissected. The maximum distance observed was 4.01 cm (mean±SD 1.64±0.92 cm, Min= 0.69; Max= 4.01). Several reports suggest that an incision 2 cm below the lower border of the mandible would be enough to avoid damage of the MMB. However, according to the maximal distances registered, such an incision might involve risk for the MMB. For this reason, we propose that the MMB of facial nerve should be at least 4 cm below the lower border of the mandible.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomic Study of the Distance Between the Lower Margin of the Mandible and the Marginal Mandibular Branch of the Facial Nerve: A Systematic Review

et al. 2014

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“…1,17 It continues anteriorly, close to the lower border of the mandible in a plane between the platysma muscle and the deep cervical fascia, and crosses the facial vessels on its course to supply the depressor muscles of the lower lip. 6,10 The path of the marginal mandibular nerve has been described as arched, sweeping below the lower mandibular border in up to 66 percent of specimens, potentially as far as 3 cm inferior to the mandibular border, although in the majority of cases, it recrosses to travel above the lower border anterior to the facial vessels. 1,10,17 Although the area has been fairly well studied, there are still many controversies regarding the exact course and branching patterns of the marginal mandibular nerve in the submandibular area, indicating most likely that significant anatomical variety exists.…”

Section: Anatomy Of the Marginal Mandibular And Cervical Branchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6,10 The path of the marginal mandibular nerve has been described as arched, sweeping below the lower mandibular border in up to 66 percent of specimens, potentially as far as 3 cm inferior to the mandibular border, although in the majority of cases, it recrosses to travel above the lower border anterior to the facial vessels. 1,10,17 Although the area has been fairly well studied, there are still many controversies regarding the exact course and branching patterns of the marginal mandibular nerve in the submandibular area, indicating most likely that significant anatomical variety exists. According to Freilinger et al, when two marginal mandibular branches are present, the cranial branch innervates all three lip depressor muscles, and the caudal branch simply innervates the depressor anguli oris.…”

Section: Anatomy Of the Marginal Mandibular And Cervical Branchesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Anatomical Dissection and Modified Sihler Stain of the Lower Branches of the Facial Nerve

Salinas

Jackson

Dunham

et al. 2009

Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery

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“…According to our study, we found 5 cases of communication: 2 cases with the cervical branch of the facial nerve, two other cases with the buccal branch of the facial nerve and 1 case of communication with the large auricular nerve. Ziarah et al (1981) (2) found that in the 110 hemifaces, MMB anastomosed to 12% with cervical branch and 8% with the buccal branch of the facial nerve. Woltmann et al (2006) (8) reported that in 40 hemifaces, MMB anastomosed to 22% with cervical branch and 42% oral branch, but 36% showed no MMB anastomoses.…”

Section: Relationship Of Mmb With Superficial Cervical Fascia (Acs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The study by Ziarah et al (1981) (2) conducted on 120 cadavers reports that the MMB was in a plane between the platysma muscle and fascia. Nelson and Gingrass (22) noted that the MMB was walking in the ACS.…”

Section: Relationship Of Mmb With Superficial Cervical Fascia (Acs)mentioning

confidence: 99%

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2017

IAM

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Summary: The purpose of this study is to reduce the search area of the marginal mandibular branch, this scarecrow nerve of the upper cervical surgery. Materials and methods: MMB dissection was applied to 25 anatomical subjects, who described an ABC Triangle where the MMB is still inside the cervical surgical position: A mandibular angle, B intersection of the MMB with the lower border of the mandible (LBM), C the position of the furthest MMB below the LBM. Results: This nerve is still depth of the superficial cervical fascia, and its division is constantly after the intersection with the facial vein (FV). The position of the MMB furthest from the LBM is found between 2 and 2.2 cm below the LBM and at 2/3 of the distance AX from the angle of the mandible angle to the intersection of the FV with the LBM. This distance AX represents the 2/3 of the distance AB from the angle of the mandible to the intersection of the MMB with the LBM and whose measurement is between 4 and 4.5 cm. Conclusion: This triangle ABC landmark of MMB provides reliable and constant anatomical markers allowing the surgeon locating or avoidance of MMB. Keywords: Triangle landmark of the marginal branch of the mandible

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The surgical anatomy of the mandibular distribution of the facial nerve

Cited by 52 publications

References 6 publications

Anatomic Study of the Distance Between the Lower Margin of the Mandible and the Marginal Mandibular Branch of the Facial Nerve: A Systematic Review

Anatomic Study of the Distance Between the Lower Margin of the Mandible and the Marginal Mandibular Branch of the Facial Nerve: A Systematic Review

Anatomical Dissection and Modified Sihler Stain of the Lower Branches of the Facial Nerve

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