The Sussex signal: insights into leaf dorsiventrality

Kuhlemeier, Cris; Timmermans, Marja C.P.

doi:10.1242/dev.131888

Cited by 55 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…At the heart of the model is auxin-induced synchronized growth of the marginal meristematic cells at the base of the petal primordia and the interprimordial cells, providing a molecular explanation for the "co-operation" between the petal primordium base and the inter-primordial region observed in anatomical studies. Upstream of this core module is the genetic regulatory network controlling adaxial/abaxial polarity and lamina growth of lateral organs (Nakata and Okada, 2013;Tsukaya, 2013;Kuhlemeier and Timmermans, 2016), which is conserved in a wide range of angiosperms and is somehow coopted in sympetalous species to regulate auxin homeostasis in the synchronized growth zone.…”

Section: A New Conceptual Model For the Developmental Genetic Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental genetics of corolla tube formation: role of the tasiRNA-ARF pathway and a conceptual model

Ding

Xia

Lin

et al. 2018

Preprint

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23More than 80,000 angiosperm species produce flowers with petals fused into a corolla 24 tube (i.e., sympetalous flowers). As an important element of the tremendous diversity of 25 flower morphology, the corolla tube plays a critical role in many specialized interactions 26 between plants and animal pollinators (e.g., beeflies, hawkmoths, hummingbirds, nectar 27 bats), which in turn drives rapid plant speciation. Despite its clear significance in plant 28 reproduction and evolution, the corolla tube remains one of the least understood plant

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Section: A New Conceptual Model For the Developmental Genetic Controlmentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmental genetics of corolla tube formation: role of the tasiRNA-ARF pathway and a conceptual model

Ding

Xia

Lin

et al. 2018

Preprint

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“…The work for which he is most famous is his analysis of leaf polarity (see Kuhlemeier and Timmermans, 2016; also in this issue), which he conducted as a graduate student. Using microsurgery, he showed that the adaxialabaxial polarity of a leaf depends on the physical continuity between the adaxial side of the leaf and the shoot apical meristem (SAM), suggesting that this polarity might depend on a diffusible substance from the SAM.…”

Section: Abstract: Developmental Patterning Plant Morphogenesis CLmentioning

confidence: 99%

Ian Sussex: simple tools, clever experiments and new insights into plant development

Poethig

2016

Development

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Ian Sussex, who began his career at a time when the most powerful tool available to plant developmental biologists was a scalpel, helped transform the discipline of plant developmental biology into the dynamic, sophisticated field that it is today. He did this through his own research, through an influential book that he wrote with his friend and colleague Taylor Steeves, and through his many students and post-doctoral fellows, to whom he gave the greatest gift a scientist can receive -the freedom to do whatever they wanted. KEY WORDS: Developmental patterning, Plant morphogenesis, Claude WardlawIan was born and raised in New Zealand, and obtained his PhD from the University of Manchester in England, where he worked in the laboratory of Claude Wardlaw. As he described in a biography that he wrote for the Annual Review of Plant Physiology and Plant Molecular Biology (Sussex, 1998), Manchester was an exciting place to be at the time. Experimental analysis of plant morphogenesis was relatively new, and several groups at Manchester were pioneers in implementing new experimental strategies and devising new hypotheses. Wardlaw was conducting seminal work on the organisation of the shoot apical meristem, Eric Ashby was studying the regulation of leaf shape and shoot maturation, H. E. Street was using root culture to study plant metabolism, and Alan Turing was developing his reactiondiffusion model for pattern formation. Ian's experience at Manchester influenced the way he thought about plant development for the rest of his career. Although Ian was always among the first to try new experimental approaches, many of the questions he and his students explored were the same questions that motivated Wardlaw and his colleagues. How is the shoot apical meristem organised? Which aspects of its activity are determined by factors autonomous to the shoot apex and which by factors from outside the shoot apex? What is the role of the shoot apical meristem in the specification of lateral organ identity? How are the fundamental aspects of leaf morphology ( polarity, shape, size) determined? Why do the character of the structures produced by the shoot meristem change during its development? And, how is the development of a plant embryo regulated ab initio before there are meristems?These were not the kinds of questions that most plant biologists were asking in the 1960s and 70s, in the early part of Ian's career. During this period, plant biologists were primarily interested in discovering the roles of specific hormones in plant growth and development, and with characterising the effects of various environmental factors such as light on these processes. Research was focused on the cellular mechanisms by which these factors act, rather than on the mechanism of pattern formation and morphogenesis per se. This is not to say that Ian was uninterested in cellular or molecular mechanisms; his students were among the first to study the molecular basis of plant embryogenesis, and they also made important contributions to our understand...

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“…Leaves initiate from cells in the peripheral zone of the shoot apical meristem (SAM) (Benkova et al ; Reinhardt et al ), and the newly initiated leaf primordium is usually a dome‐shaped anlage composed of a small number of cells exhibiting uniform histology (Poethig and Sussex ; Kwiatkowska and Dumais ). Since leaf polarity is evident in terms of both the polar expression patterns of several regulatory genes and morphological differentiation (Husbands et al ; Braybrook and Kuhlemeier ; Szakonyi et al ; Kuhlemeier and Timmermans ), the first intimation for many plant scientists is that leaf polarity may be initiated either at, or before primordium emerging. Because of the specific position of a primordium in relation to the SAM, i.e., the adaxial side of the primordium is adjacent to the cells of the SAM central zone, whereas the abaxial region is distant from this zone, the second intimation is that the SAM may influence adaxial and abaxial differentiation, differently.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Ian Sussex, as a PhD student in 1949, first explored leaf polarity establishment, and the main results of his PhD research have been described in detail in a recent review (Kuhlemeier and Timmermans ). These results, as well as his subsequent findings, opened an important field of research on plant organ development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Auxin polar transport flanking incipient primordium initiates leaf adaxial‐abaxial polarity patterning

Dong

Huang

2018

JIPB

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The leaves of most higher plants are polar along their adaxial-abaxial axis, and the development of the adaxial domain (upper side) and the abaxial domain (lower side) makes the leaf a highly efficient photosynthetic organ. It has been proposed that a hypothetical signal transported from the shoot apical meristem (SAM) to the incipient leaf primordium, or conversely, the plant hormone auxin transported from the leaf primordium to the SAM, initiates leaf adaxial-abaxial patterning. This hypothetical signal has been referred to as the Sussex signal, because the research of Ian Sussex published in 1951 was the first to imply its existence. Recent results, however, have shown that auxin polar transport flanking the incipient leaf primordium, but not the Sussex signal, is the key to initiate leaf polarity. Here, we review the new findings and integrate them with other recently published results in the field of leaf development, mainly focusing on the early steps of leaf polarity establishment.

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The Sussex signal: insights into leaf dorsiventrality

Cited by 55 publications

References 72 publications

Developmental genetics of corolla tube formation: role of the tasiRNA-ARF pathway and a conceptual model

Developmental genetics of corolla tube formation: role of the tasiRNA-ARF pathway and a conceptual model

Ian Sussex: simple tools, clever experiments and new insights into plant development

Auxin polar transport flanking incipient primordium initiates leaf adaxial‐abaxial polarity patterning

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