The synergy between speech production and perception

Ru, Powen; Chi, Tai-Shih; Shamma, Shihab A.

doi:10.1121/1.1525288

Cited by 13 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…However, in these studies, the very base of the cochleas (coding in humans for frequencies above 5 kHz) has never been carefully observed and the results are far from quantitative. Interestingly, the frequency range of MOC inhibition corresponds to the frequency spectrum of human speech (27). One explanation may be that the MOC efferents facilitate speech perception and understanding while inhibiting nonrelevant stimuli such as background noise (28).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Maturation of Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions and Medial Olivocochlear Reflex in Preterm Neonates

et al. 2006

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The present study was designed to investigate the early maturation of the brainstem regulation of the cochlear function in preterm neonates. Evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAE) and their regulation via the medial olivocochlear efferent (MOC) reflex were investigated in a large population of preterm neonates and compared with full-term neonates and young babies from birth to 4 y and school-aged children. In 28-wk preterm neonates, EOAE were seen in the mid-frequency range. These responses extended both to the low (down to 1025 Hz) and high (up to 6152 Hz) frequency ranges at 38 wk of gestational age and remained stable up to 4 mo. At this stage, the amplitude of EOAE overlapped adult values. EOAE amplitudes then decreased to reach adult values at 3 y of age. Maturation of MOC efferents innervating the outer hair cells was investigated by studying the suppressive effect of contralateral sound on the EOAE amplitudes (MOC reflex T he cochlea, the auditory organ of the inner ear, contains two types of mechanosensory hair cells, inner hair cells, and OHC. OHC are precisely adapted for mechanoreception, i.e. transduction of cochlear partition vibration into a bioelectrical signal. OHC electromotile properties (1) led to the concept of a "cochlear amplifier" involving active biomechanical feedback from OHC to the basilar membrane. This assumption is further supported by the cochlea's ability to produce acoustic energy, which can be easily detected by a sensitive microphone placed in the ear canal (2). The emitted responses, named evoked otoacoustic emissions (EOAE), are vulnerable to the same forms of interference that reduce or destroy OHC function (3).The CNS controls the motor activity of the OHC via MOC neurons, originating in the medial nuclei of the superior olivary complex. Three populations of neurons projecting from the MOC efferents to each cochlea have been shown: 1) the largest group of efferent units, which are the most responsive to ipsilateral sound stimulation, originates in the contralateral medial olivary complex and constitutes the crossed projection; 2) a group consisting of efferent units, which respond best to a contralateral sound stimulation, originates in the ipsilateral medial olivary complex and constitutes the uncrossed projection; 3) a group of efferent neurons, which respond to both ipsi-and contralateral stimulation (4). Interrupting the MOC efferents at the floor of the fourth, which severed all the efferents crossing the middle line, but spared most of the uncrossed fibers, did not affect the suppression of auditory nerve responses induced by the contralateral sound stimulation (5). However, when cuts damaged both the crossed and uncrossed fibers at the vestibulocochlear anastomosis, the suppressive effect of the contralateral sound stimulation on auditory nerve responses was eliminated. Consequently, the suppressive effect of the contralateral sound stimulation is mediated by the uncrossed part of MOC efferents. Given that similar findings were also observed on distortion prod...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Early Maturation of Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions and Medial Olivocochlear Reflex in Preterm Neonates

et al. 2006

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“…the qualities of each of the elements oriented to an effective production/perception transaction (Ru et al 2003, Tatham & Morton 2006. In order to test these hypotheses, we conducted a production experiment in which the data obtained for each of the two focal conditions and for the three languages respectively were analysed acoustically.…”

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confidence: 99%

Prosodic manifestations of the Effort Code in Catalan, Italian and Spanish contrastive focus

Vanrell

Stella

Fivela

et al. 2013

Journal of the International Phonetic Association

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This paper investigates the relevance of three prosodic parameters (alignment, duration and scaling) in the conveyance of contrastive focus in Catalan, Italian and Spanish. In particular, we seek to determine how the Effort Code is instantiated in the expression of contrastive focus in both production and perception. According to the Effort Code, putting more effort into speech production will lead to greater articulatory precision (de Jong 1995, Gussenhoven 2004) and this is related to the expression of focus in the sense that wider pitch excursions will be used to signal meanings that are relevant from an informational point of view. A dual production and perception experiment based on an identification task was conducted. Results for the production part show that contrastive focus accents have earlier peaks for all three languages but f0 peaks are systematically lower only in Italian. Syllables bearing the contrastive focus accents are also longer in the three languages. Regarding the results for the perception part, converging evidence is found not only for an active perceptual use of the three prosodic parameters present in production but also for language-specific preferences for particular prosodic parameters.

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“…The implication was this particular representation of articulatory patterns did indeed exploit the acoustic sensitivity of the vocal tract. At nearly the same time, Ru et al (2003) reported a similar sinusoidal model of the area function that was also based on the Harshman et al factors. Whereas the goals of this study were different than Fitch et al, an equivalence between the acoustic characteristics of the vocal tract and the sinusoidal components was noted.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 71%

A comparison of vocal tract perturbation patterns based on statistical and acoustic considerations

Story

2007

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the relation between vocal tract deformation patterns obtained from statistical analyses of a set of area functions representative of a vowel repertoire, and the acoustic properties of a neutral vocal tract shape. Acoustic sensitivity functions were calculated for a mean area function based on seven different speakers. Specific linear combinations of the sensitivity functions corresponding to the first two formant frequencies were shown to possess essentially the same amplitude variation along the vocal tract length as the statistically derived deformation patterns reported in previous studies.

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The synergy between speech production and perception

Cited by 13 publications

References 23 publications

Early Maturation of Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions and Medial Olivocochlear Reflex in Preterm Neonates

Early Maturation of Evoked Otoacoustic Emissions and Medial Olivocochlear Reflex in Preterm Neonates

Prosodic manifestations of the Effort Code in Catalan, Italian and Spanish contrastive focus

A comparison of vocal tract perturbation patterns based on statistical and acoustic considerations

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