The Synthesis of FeS and Investigation on Electrochemical Sensing Toward Neuroprotector

BackgroundThe article delineates a strategy for detecting ascorbic acid (AA) through the use of iron oxide (Fe₂O₃) nanoparticles on an electrode. The Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles demonstrated effective electrocatalysis in the oxidation of AA, resulting in increased peak currents. The sensor showcased a wide linear detection range, a low detection limit, and high selectivity towards interferents, making it suitable for accurate AA measurement in food analysis and medical diagnostics applications. This emphasizes the potential of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticle-based sensors for precise AA detection. AimThe primary aim of this research is to develop an electrochemical sensing technique for the identification of ascorbic acid, with the use of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles as the sensing matrix. Materials and methodsThe synthesis process involved the utilization of FeCl 3 .6H 2 O, ammonia solution, ethanol, and doubledistilled water. FeCl 3 .6H 2 O was dissolved in ammonia water to produce a brown precipitate for the synthesis of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles. Subsequently, the brown precipitate underwent hydrothermal treatment at 180 °C, resulting in the formation of a red product. Following centrifugation, washing, and drying steps, Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles were successfully synthesized. These nanoparticles were then utilized to modify the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Prior to the modification, the GCE underwent polishing and cleaning procedures, after which it was coated with a suspension containing 5 mg of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles in 10 mL of ethanol. The coated electrode was dried and deemed ready for application in electrochemical sensing. ResultsThe hydrothermal method was employed in this research to synthesize Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles, which were subsequently subjected to a series of experiments to evaluate their electrochemical sensing capabilities. The resulting Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles were determined to possess a high level of purity and a crystalline structure through various analyses, including field emission-scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), cyclic voltammetric testing, X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) spectroscopy analysis, differential pulse voltammetry (DPV), and the current response of the Fe₂O₃-modified electrode towards ascorbic acid. The morphology of the Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles was observed to be uniform. The synthesized particles successfully fulfilled the study's objective by exhibiting remarkably sensitive and selective sensitivity towards ascorbic acid. ConclusionOur study underscores the potential of utilizing Fe₂O₃ nanoparticle-based electrochemical sensing to detect ascorbic acid, as evidenced by the notably high sensitivity of ascorbic acid towards Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles. The distinctive properties of Fe₂O₃ nanoparticles, which include their large surface area, efficient electron transport, and straightforward manufacturing process, significantly enhance the sensor's performance. Further research is crucial to exploring the wide-ranging applications of the sensor in fields such as food safety, environmental monitoring, and...

Electrochemical Detection of Ascorbic Acid by Fe₂O₃ Nanoparticles Modified Glassy Carbon Electrode

Sikaria,

Celshia,

Selvamani

et al. 2024

Synthesis and Characterization of Mn₂O₃ and Its Electrochemical Properties in Relation to Dopamine

Suresh,

Celshia,

Selvamani

et al. 2024

Introduction Manganese(III) oxide (Mn 2 O 3 ) is a transition metal oxide that has gained significant attention due to its unique properties and potential applications in various fields, including catalysis, energy storage, and sensing. Dopamine, a neurotransmitter in the human brain, plays a crucial role in regulating several physiological processes as its detection is important in areas such as medical diagnostics and neurochemistry. The synthesis of Mn 2 O 3 can be achieved through methods like precipitation, hydrothermal synthesis, or solid-state reactions. Aims The objective of this study is to synthesize Mn 2 O 3 , characterize its structure and morphology, and investigate its electrochemical properties toward dopamine. Materials and methods Materials used included manganese sulfate (MnSO 4 ), potassium permanganate, deionized water, a Teflon steel autoclave, and a hot air oven. For the synthesis of a hierarchical Mn 2 O 3 rodlike shape, MnSO 4 •H 2 O (8 mmol) and potassium permanganate (8 mmol) were firstly dissolved in deionized water (40 mL) by stirring, which was then transferred to a Teflon-lined stainless steel autoclave (50 mL). This autoclave was sealed and maintained at 90℃ for six hours. Finally, the resultant Mn 2 O 3 rods were collected by filtration, washed with distilled water and absolute ethanol for several times, and dried in air at 80℃. Mn 2 O 3 rods were obtained by the calcinations of the as-prepared Mn 2 O 3 rods at different temperatures. When Mn 2 O 3 rods were treated at 600℃ for six hours in air, Mn 2 O 3 rods could be collected. Results The X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis shows that Mn 2 O 3 is crystalline in structure and it matched with that of the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS). The field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) shows the morphology of Mn 2 O 3 is a particle with the size of 100 nm. Cyclic voltammetry response shows that compared to bare electrode, modified electrode shows the higher current response which indicates the sensing ability of the dopamine molecule. Conclusion Mn₂O₃ was prepared using a hydrothermal technique, and the formation of nanoparticles (NPs) was verified through XRD, while the morphology was examined using FE-SEM. The Mn 2 O 3 obtained was utilized in the detection of electrochemical dopamine, show...

Synthesis of Starfish-Shaped ZnS Nanostructures by Hydrothermal Method and Their Electrochemical Sensing of Dopamine

Dinesh,

Celshia,

Selvamani

et al. 2024

Introduction Dopamine serves an essential function as a neurotransmitter, influencing the regulation of movement, cognitive processes, and emotional states. The identification of abnormal dopamine levels is critical for clinical diagnoses and scientific research, given its links to various disorders, including depression, schizophrenia, and Parkinson's disease. The distinctive electrochemical characteristics, stability, and broad bandgap of zinc sulfide (ZnS) nanostructures render them particularly fascinating. The hydrothermal method is recognized as an effective and economical approach for the fabrication of ZnS nanostructures, exhibiting a range of morphologies. Utilizing this method to create ZnS nanostructures leads to the formation of structures characterized by extensive surface areas, hierarchical designs, and improved electrochemical properties. Aim The objective is to examine the electrochemical characteristics of ZnS starfish-shaped nanostructures produced through the hydrothermal technique and to assess their viability as a sensing platform for dopamine detection. Materials and methods To synthesize ZnS nanoflowers, stoichiometric amounts of transition metal salts were prepared: 10 mM of Zn(NO 3 ) 2 •3H 2 O and 30 mM of sodium thiosulfate (Na 2 S 2 O 3 •5H 2 O) were dissolved in 30 mL of deionized water and stirred for 20 minutes. The solutions were then combined and transferred into a 100 mL Teflon autoclave reactor, which was heated at 200 °C for 12 hours in a furnace. This process utilized the hydrothermal technique to produce the desired ZnS nanoflowers. Result The crystalline arrangement of ZnS was validated by X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, aligning with the Joint Committee on Powder Diffraction Standards (JCPDS). Moreover, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) illustrated the particle morphology of ZnS, showing a range between 200 and 500 nm size. Additionally, the cyclic voltammetry results indicated that the modified electrode produced a greater current response than the bare electrode, highlighting its improved sensitivity to dopamine molecules. Conclusion ZnS nanoparticles were synthesized via a hydrothermal method and characterized using XRD and FE-SEM. These nanoparticles were used for electrochemical dopamine detection, showing potential for advanced sensing platforms. Integrating ZnS into microfluidic devices enables real-time dopamine monitoring, opening new possibilities for healthcare and neurochemical research. Exploring surface engineering techniques could further enhance the electrochemical performance of ZnS-based sensors.