The use of ylides of P, N, As or S as ligands toward transition metals is still a very active research area in organometallic chemistry. This fact is mainly due to the nucleophilic character of the ylides and to their particular bonding properties and coordination modes. They can behave as monodentate or bidentate-chelate or bridging-species, they can be used as chiral auxiliary reagents, they are interesting reaction intermediates or useful starting materials in a wide variety of processes, etc. The most interesting bonding properties, structural features and applications of these versatile compounds will be covered in this chapter.