The System of Environmental and Economic Accounts—2003 and the Economic Relevance of Physical Flow Accounting

Pedersen, Ole Gravgård; Haan, Mark de

doi:10.1162/108819806775545466

Cited by 43 publications

(24 citation statements)

References 15 publications

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“…To be consistent with the System of National Accounts, emissions from international transport should be allocated to the country where the operator of the vessel is resident (Peters and Hertwich, 2008a;Peters, 2008;Peters et al, 2009;European Commission, 2009), corresponding to the user of the bunker fuel (and independent of the ship's flag and owner). Emissions statistics that allocate emissions consistent with the System of National Accounts are often called National Accounting Matrices with Environmental Extensions (NAMEAs) (Pedersen and de Haan, 2006;European Commission, 2009), though this terminology is not applied uniformly.…”

Section: Allocation Of Emissions From Bunker Fuels (International Tramentioning

confidence: 99%

A synthesis of carbon in international trade

2012

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Abstract. In a globalised world, the transfer of carbon between regions, either physically or embodied in production, represents a substantial fraction of global carbon emissions. The resulting emission transfers are important for balancing regional carbon budgets and for understanding the drivers of emissions. In this paper we synthesise current understanding in two parts: (1) CO 2 emissions embodied in goods and services that are produced in one country but consumed in others, and (2) carbon physically present in fossil fuels, petroleum-derived products, harvested wood products, crops, and livestock products. We describe the key differences between studies and provide a consistent set of estimates using the same definitions, modelling framework, and consistent data. We find the largest trade flows of carbon in international trade in 2004 were fossil fuels (2673 MtC, 37 % of global emissions), CO 2 embodied in traded goods and services (1661 MtC, 22 % of global emissions), crops (522 MtC, 31 % of total harvested crop carbon), petroleum-based products (183 MtC, 50 % of their total production), harvested wood products (149 MtC, 40 % of total roundwood extraction), and livestock products (28 MtC, 22 % of total livestock carbon). We find that for embodied CO 2 emissions, estimates from independent studies are robust, and that differences between individual studies are not a reflection of the uncertainty in consumption-based estimates, but rather these differences result from the use of different production-based emissions input data and different definitions for allocating emissions to international trade. After adjusting for these issues, results across independent studies converge to give less uncertainty than previously assumed. For physical carbon flows there are relatively few studies to be synthesised, but differences between existing studies are due to the method of allocating to international trade, with some studies using "apparent consumption" as opposed to "final consumption". While results across studies are sufficiently robust to be used in further applications, more research is needed to understand differences and to harmonise definitions for particular applications.

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Section: Allocation Of Emissions From Bunker Fuels (International Tramentioning

confidence: 99%

A synthesis of carbon in international trade

2012

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“…SEEA 2003 (System of integrated Environmental-Economic Accounting, 2003 edition) pays considerable attention to physical fl ow accounting, in addition to natural resource stock accounts and environmental protection expenditure accounts, and introduced the National Accounting Matrix including Environmental Accounts (NAMEA) as one of the main building blocks (Pedersen and de Haan 2006 ). Accounting framework was also discussed in one of the three volumes of OECD's MFA guidance in 2008.…”

Section: Current and Future Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Material Flow Analysis and Waste Management

Moriguchi

Hashimoto

2016

Taking Stock of Industrial Ecology

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Material fl ow analysis (MFA, also known as Material Flow Accounting) has become one of the basic tools in industrial ecology, since its pioneering development by Ayres. This chapter reviews progress in MFA with emphasis on the use of MFA to support waste management and recycling policy.Waste statistics are compiled in most developed and some developing countries, but the basis is insuffi ciently standardized so that care is needed in making comparisons between countries. This also applies to recycling fl ows, which are diffi cult to defi ne and quantify. Waste arising from demolition can be predicted by dynamic modeling which also predicts future resource demand, but the discrepancies between predicted and reported waste quantities can be large due to "missing" or "dissipated" stock. Metals represent an important and valuable component of waste; metals in endof-life vehicles and e-waste in particular need to be quantifi ed for their recycling and ecological and human health impact assessment. MFA has also been applied to international trade of secondhand products containing metals. MFA studies on phosphorus have revealed potential ways to increase recovery that go beyond recycling from obvious wastes.

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“…Analysts have long recognized this and construct environmental statistics that are consistent with the system of national accounts. In the EU this data is collected by Eurostat under the name National Accounting Matrices with Environmental Accounts (NAMEA; de Haan and Keuning 1996; Keuning et al 1999;de Haan and Keuning 2001;European 2001;Pedersen and de Haan 2006) Since our emission statistics are based on NAMEA's, they will in general not match with the emission statistics submitted to the UNFCCC. The most significant difference in the Nordic countries is bunker fuels ).…”

Section: Data Summarymentioning

confidence: 99%