The T4/T3 quotient as a risk factor for differentiated thyroid cancer: A case control study

Sasson, Mark; Kay‐Rivest, Emily; Shoukrun, Rami; Florea, Anca; Hier, Michael P.; Forest, Véronique-Isabelle; Tamilia, Michael; Payne, Richard J.

doi:10.1186/s40463-017-0208-0

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 24 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…However, associations of TC with hypoor hyperthyroidism and thyrotoxicosis are weaker and less consistent. High concentrations of free T4, TSH and the T4/T3 ratio were related to a higher differentiated TC risk in a small Canadian case-control study (35). Nevertheless, in a previous EPIC analysis, only low levels of TSH and high levels of thyroglobulin were associated with a higher differentiated TC risk, but not plasma concentrations of either T3 or T4 (36).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Adherence to mediterranean diet and the risk of differentiated thyroid cancer in a European cohort: The EPIC study

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundThe Mediterranean diet (MD) has been proposed as a healthy diet with a potential to lower the incidence of several types of cancer, but there is no data regarding thyroid cancer (TC). We investigated the association between MD adherence, and its components, and the differentiated TC risk within the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC) cohort.MethodsOver 450,000 men and women from nine European countries were followed up for a mean of 14.1 years, during which 712 differentiated TC cases were identified. Adherence to MD was estimated using the relative MD (rMED) score, an 18-point scale including alcohol, and the adapted rMED (arMED) score, a 16-point scale excluding alcohol. Hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated using Cox regression models adjusted for potential confounding factors.ResultsAdherence to the arMED score was not associated with the risk of differentiated TC (HRhigh vs. low adherence = 0.94, 95% CI: 0.70–1.25; p-trend 0.27), while a suggestive, but non-statistically significant inverse relationship was observed with rMED (HRhigh vs. low adherence = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.68–1.14; p-trend 0.17). Low meat (HRlow vs. high meat intake = 0.81, 95% CI: 0.67–0.99; p-trend = 0.04) and moderate alcohol (HRmoderate vs. non−moderate intake = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.75–1.03) intake were related with lower differentiated TC risk.ConclusionsOur study shows that a high adherence to MD is not strongly related to differentiated TC risk, although further research is required to confirm the impact of MD and, especially, meat intake in TC risk.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Adherence to mediterranean diet and the risk of differentiated thyroid cancer in a European cohort: The EPIC study

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…The main reason for these was explicated by the researchers who found that the patient with a cancerous thyroid nodule will have an fT4 value which seems normal [10], and the levels of thyroid hormones were normal in most of the study participants. However, moderately higher FT4 levels exposed a positive connotation with thyroid cancer risk [11], Yeh et al, 2013 indicated that it is probable that raised levels of thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3) may also be interconnected with malignancy.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Evaluation the serum levels of T3, T4, TSH, Thyroglobulin and Galactin-3 in patients with benign and malignant thyroid tumors

2022

pnr

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Background: Currently, cytological examination of fine needle biopsies is the method used for preoperative differential diagnosis of thyroid nodules, however, the results may be inaccurate in about 20% of cases. Aim: The study aimed to detect a biomarker in the serum to detect and distinguish between benign and malignant thyroid gland tumors. Methods: Seventy-two patients were divided into malignant thyroid tumor (n = 45) and benign thyroid tumor (n = 27), the median age of patients was 45 years. The blood samples were collected from Middle Euphrates Cancer Center /Al-Najaf Al-Ashraf Governorate in Iraq from September 2019 until March 2020. Every patient's study group was divided into subgroups according to age, gender and body mass index (BMI). A physician diagnosed the patients based on history, clinical presentation and fine needle aspirate. Each patient group was distributed into two groups: before and after thyroidectomy. The control group was made out of sixteen healthy male and females the median of age was 47 years. Results: A significant rise (p 0.05) in serum T4 in patients with benign thyroid tumors matched with healthy and malignant thyroid tumor groups could be seen. A significant rise (p 0.05) of T3 and T4 concentration in patients with benign thyroid tumor in male groups compared with female groups was observed. A significant increase (p 0.05) of T4 concentration in patients with malignant thyroid tumor in BMI group (18-24.9) Kg/m2 compared with other BMI groups was observed. A significant increase (p 0.05) of T3 and T4 concentration in patients with benign thyroid tumor in BMI group (18-24.9) Kg/m2 compared with other BMI groups was also observed. Also, serum TSH exhibited a significant increase (p 0.05) in patients with malignant thyroid tumors compared with healthy group and benign thyroid tumor group. On other hand the results demonstrated that that there was a significant increase (p 0.05) in serum Tg and Galactin-3 of patients with malignant thyroid tumors and benign thyroid tumor group compared with healthy group. Regarding the thyroidectomy, there was a significant increase of TSH (p 0.05) in patients with malignant thyroid tumor earlier thyroidectomy matched with that later thyroidectomy. Tg concentration exposed a significant decrease (p 0.05) after thyroidectomy compared with groups before thyroidectomy in benign and malignant thyroid tumor. Conclusions: Depending on the findings of the study, we can conclude that the early detection of abnormal biochemical parameters includes TSH, thyroglobulin, and Galactin-3 can limit complication and it can also help to monitor the progression of the disease in patients with thyroid cancers. But, the findings did not demonstrate that these biomarkers could be used to discriminate between malignant and benign thyroid tumor.

show abstract

“…High FT4 and low FT3 levels were associated with a higher risk of TC, possibly due to disturbed expression of type 1 iodothyronine deiodinase in the development of thyroid malignancies, thus reducing the transition rate from an inactive FT4 state to an active FT3 state ( 59 ). Due to the fact that FT4 tends to be higher and FT3 tends to be lower in the case of malignant tumours, it has been suggested that the quotient (FT4/FT3) can be used to assess whether these trends increase the risk of TC ( 60 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The associations between thyroid-related hormones and the risk of thyroid cancer: An overall and dose-response meta-analysis

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

ObjectiveThyroid cancer (TC) is one of the most common malignant tumours of the endocrine system. Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) is known as being a risk factor for TC, but other thyroid-related hormones are inconsistently associated with TC. The purpose of this study was to comprehensively evaluate the relationships between thyroid-related hormones and the risk of TC.MethodsThis study utilized searches of PubMed, Embase, Web of Science and Cochrane library up to the date of March 31st, 2022. Additionally, we performed a systematic review of related original studies combining overall and dose–response meta-analyses.ResultsA total of 30, 5 and 7 articles were included in the meta-analyses of TSH, Free triiodothyronine (FT3), free thyroxine (FT4) and TC risk with 58437, 6813 and 7118 participants respectively. An increased risk of TC was associated with high TSH exposure (OR=1.28, 95% CI: 1.19-1.37, P < 0.001) in the overall meta-analysis. For every 1 mU/L increase in TSH, the risk of TC increased by 16%. However, in those studies that used healthy subjects as controls, the association was not statistically significant(P=0.62). Additionally, high serum FT3 demonstrated a reduced risk of TC, with a combined OR of 0.86 in the fixed-effect model (95% CI: 0.81–0.90, P < 0.001). In addition, a statistically significant increase in TC risk was found when FT4 concentrations reached a certain threshold (approximately 2.2 ng/dL) in the dose-response meta-analysis.ConclusionsSignificant associations between thyroid-related hormones and the risk of TC were found in this study. Further research is needed to understand the underlying mechanisms.

show abstract

The T4/T3 quotient as a risk factor for differentiated thyroid cancer: A case control study

Cited by 8 publications

References 24 publications

Adherence to mediterranean diet and the risk of differentiated thyroid cancer in a European cohort: The EPIC study

Adherence to mediterranean diet and the risk of differentiated thyroid cancer in a European cohort: The EPIC study

Evaluation the serum levels of T3, T4, TSH, Thyroglobulin and Galactin-3 in patients with benign and malignant thyroid tumors

The associations between thyroid-related hormones and the risk of thyroid cancer: An overall and dose-response meta-analysis

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About