The tale of a versatile enzyme: Molecular insights into keratinase for its industrial dissemination

Su, Chang; Gong, Jin‐Song; Qin, Jiufu; Li, Heng; Li, Hui; Xu, Zhenghong; Shi, Jin‐Song

doi:10.1016/j.biotechadv.2020.107655

Cited by 38 publications

(19 citation statements)

References 179 publications

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“…Cocktails of enzymes such as protease, amylase, cellulase, and lipase are also used in many formulations to increase the washing effect for household purposes (Singh et al 2016 ). Recently, rDNA technology was used to create bioengineered detergent proteases with improved stability and shelf life (Vojcic et al 2015 ; Su et al 2020 ). The substitution of a few unique amino acid residues for bleach and oxidation stability of proteases has been researched using protein engineering (Guleria et al 2016a , b , c ).…”

Section: Microbial Proteases and Its Industrial Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microbial proteases: ubiquitous enzymes with innumerable uses

Putatunda²,

et al. 2021

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Proteases are ubiquitous enzymes, having significant physiological roles in both synthesis and degradation. The use of microbial proteases in food fermentation is an age-old process, which is today being successfully employed in other industries with the advent of ‘omics’ era and innovations in genetic and protein engineering approaches. Proteases have found application in industries besides food, like leather, textiles, detergent, waste management, agriculture, animal husbandry, cosmetics, and pharmaceutics. With the rising demands and applications, researchers are exploring various approaches to discover, redesign, or artificially synthesize enzymes with better applicability in the industrial processes. These enzymes offer a sustainable and environmentally safer option, besides possessing economic and commercial value. Various bacterial and fungal proteases are already holding a commercially pivotal role in the industry. The current review summarizes the characteristics and types of proteases, microbial source, their current and prospective applications in various industries, and future challenges. Promoting these biocatalysts will prove significant in betterment of the modern world.

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Section: Microbial Proteases and Its Industrial Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A novel recombinant keratinase expressed in E. coli BL21 (DE3) exhibited high specificity towards some substrates including wool. The protease has the potential for application in wool processing (Su et al 2020 ). Bacillus sp.…”

Section: Microbial Proteases and Its Industrial Applicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Microbial proteases: ubiquitous enzymes with innumerable uses

Putatunda²,

et al. 2021

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“…In the first stage, disulfide bonds between polypeptide chains are cleaved by reductase, thereby thiol groups are liberated, and keratin conformation is changed. In the second stage, denatured keratin is decomposed by protease resulting soluble peptides and amino acids [ 104 , 107 , 108 ]. Biological hydrolysis of keratin is very attractive because involves mild operation conditions, less energy, and constitutes a green, environmentally safe method [ 1 ].…”

Section: Methods For the Valorization Of Keratins By Extractionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Closing the Loop with Keratin-Rich Fibrous Materials

et al. 2021

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One of the agro-industry’s side streams that is widely met is the-keratin rich fibrous material that is becoming a waste product without valorization. Its management as a waste is costly, as the incineration of this type of waste constitutes high environmental concern. Considering these facts, the keratin-rich waste can be considered as a treasure for the producers interested in the valorization of such slowly-biodegradable by-products. As keratin is a protein that needs harsh conditions for its degradation, and that in most of the cases its constitutive amino acids are destroyed, we review new extraction methods that are eco-friendly and cost-effective. The chemical and enzymatic extractions of keratin are compared and the optimization of the extraction conditions at the lab scale is considered. In this study, there are also considered the potential applications of the extracted keratin as well as the reuse of the by-products obtained during the extraction processes.

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“…With the research studies in microbial keratinases increasing in terms of identification, production, characterization and application (Su et al 2020a), these enzymes represent an alternative to the use of harsh methods in the treatment of keratin residues. The enzymatic degradation of these proteins proved to have an environmentally sustainable contribution to a positive economic development (Nnolim and Nwodo 2021).…”

Section: Keratin Degradationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Metagenome techniques allow the construction of a gene library directly from environmental samples. This allows to bypass the barrier of microbial cultivation to extract the gene of interest and open opportunities to explore new keratinases (Su et al 2020a).…”

Section: Keratinase Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Industrial sustainability of microbial keratinases: production and potential applications

Menezes

Santos

et al. 2021

World J Microbiol Biotechnol

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Keratinases are proteolytic enzymes with a particular ability to cleave peptide bonds in keratin, and in other proteins. Due to their broad-spectrum of activity, keratinases are considered viable substitutes for chemical and thermal treatments of proteinrich industrial by-products. Among these protein residues, special attention has been given to keratinous materials (feathers, hair, horns, etc.), which disposal through harsh conditions methods, such as acid/alkaline hydrolysis or incineration, is not considered ecologically safe. Microbial keratinolytic enzymes allow for keratin degradation under mild conditions, resulting in keratin hydrolysates containing undamaged amino acids and peptides. In this review article, we offer perspectives on the relevance of these unique biocatalysts and their revolutionary ascent in industries that generate keratin-rich wastes. Additionally, we share insights for applications of keratinases and protein hydrolysates in agriculture, animal feed, cosmetics, phamaceuticals, detergent additives, leather processing, and others. Due to the scientific importance of keratinases and their potential use in green technologies, searching for bacterial and fungal species that efficiently produce these enzymes may contribute to the sustainability of industries.

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The tale of a versatile enzyme: Molecular insights into keratinase for its industrial dissemination

Cited by 38 publications

References 179 publications

Microbial proteases: ubiquitous enzymes with innumerable uses

Microbial proteases: ubiquitous enzymes with innumerable uses

Closing the Loop with Keratin-Rich Fibrous Materials

Industrial sustainability of microbial keratinases: production and potential applications

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