The tarsal sensory system of Amblyomma variegatum Fabricius (Ixodidae, Metastriata) I. Wall pore and terminal pore sensilla

Hess, Ernst; Vlimant, Michèle

doi:10.5962/bhl.part.82470

Cited by 31 publications

(21 citation statements)

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“…The same carboxylic acid and phenolic volatiles identified in rumen odour of cattle were also recovered in the odour of roe deer rumen. Sensillum identity (DI and DII types) is according to a classification by Hess and Vlimant (1982 (Rechav et al, 1994) from animals that can better provide it, such as ungulates. Further, the transience of such hosts imposes semelparity, where reproduction depends entirely on the ingestion of a single blood meal by the female.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen metabolites serve ticks to exploit large mammals

Donzé

McMahon

Guérin

2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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SUMMARY Hard ticks spend most of their life isolated from passing vertebrates but require a blood meal to proceed to the next life stage (larva, nymph or adult). These opportunist ectoparasites must be capable of anticipating signals that render suitable hosts apparent. Large ungulates that tolerate a high ectoparasite burden are the favoured hosts of adult hard ticks. Ruminants, comprising the majority of ungulate species, must regularly eruct gases from the foregut to relieve excess pressure and maintain a chemical equilibrium. Through eructations from individuals, and particularly herds,ruminants inadvertently signal their presence to hard ticks. Here, we report that all adult hard tick species we tested are attracted to cud and demonstrate that these acarines possess olfactory receptor cells for the carboxylic acid, phenol and indole end-products of the rumen bioreactor. Compounds from each of these classes of volatiles attract ticks on their own,and mixtures of these volatiles based on rumen composition also attract. Appetence for rumen metabolites represents a fundamental resource-tracking adaptation by hard ticks for large roaming mammals.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Rumen metabolites serve ticks to exploit large mammals

Donzé

McMahon

Guérin

2004

Journal of Experimental Biology

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“…1C, along with the approximate orientation of the recording electrodes used to capture electrical activity of cells which were responsive to breath. (Hess and Vlimant 1982). Other precise orientations of electrode insertion permitted capture of other patterns of olfactory cell activity which were altered by other stimuli such as methylsalicylate (Hess and Vlimant 1986) or by vertebrate body odours (Steullet, unpublished).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perception of breath components by the tropical bont tick, Amblyomma variegatum Fabricius (Ixodidae)

Steullet

Guérin

1992

J Comp Physiol A

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Wall-pore olfactory sensilla located in the capsule of Haller's organ on the tarsus of Amblyomma variegatum ticks bear cells responding to vertebrate breath: one of these sensilla contains a CO2-excited receptor and a second sensillum has a CO2-inhibited receptor. Each of these antagonistic CO2-receptors, which display typical phasic-tonic responses, monitors a different CO2-concentration range. The CO2-inhibited receptor is very sensitive to small concentration changes between 0 and ca. 0.2%, but variations of 0.01% around ambient (ca. 0.04%) induce the strongest frequency modulation of this receptor. An increase of just 0.001-0.002% (10-20 ppm) above a zero CO2-level already inhibits this receptor. By contrast, the CO2-excited receptor is not so sensitive to small CO2 shifts around ambient, but best monitors changes in CO2 concentrations above 0.1%. This receptor is characterized by a steep dose-response curve and a fast inactivation even at high CO2-concentrations (greater than 2%). In a wind-tunnel, Amblyomma variegatum is activated from the resting state and attracted by CO2 concentrations of 0.04 to ca. 1%, which corresponds to the sensitivity range of its CO2-receptors. The task of perceiving the whole concentration range to which this tick is attracted would thus appear to be divided between two receptors, one sensitive to small changes around ambient and the other sensitive to the higher concentrations normally encountered when approaching a vertebrate host.

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“…Nymphs and adults of A. variegatum, a related three-host tick, have 19 olfactory sensilla encompassing between 68 and 94 putative olfactory receptors per tarsus (HESS & VLIMANT, 1982). Assuming that the number of olfactory receptors in A. americanum is similar to that observed in A. variegatum, and considering we counted 16 to 21 glomeruli, it can be hypothesized that each glomerulus is innervated by approximately four afferent neurons.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neuronal projections from the Haller's organ and palp sensilla to the synganglion of Amblyomma americanum§

Borges

Olafson

et al. 2016

Rev. Bras. Parasitol. Vet.

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The present study was conducted to elucidate the neuronal pathways between peripheral olfactory and taste sensilla and the synganglion in an Ixodidae tick species. The tarsus of the front legs (olfactory nerves) and the fourth palpal segment (gustatory nerves) of unfed Amblyomma americanum males and females were excised. A neuronal tracer, dextran tetramethylrhodamine, was used for filling of the sensory neurons. The synganglion preparations were examined using a confocal microscope. Neuronal arborizations from the Haller's organ were confined to the olfactory lobes and the first pedal ganglion. The estimated number of olfactory glomeruli ranged from 16 to 22 per olfactory lobe in the females. The number of glomeruli was not counted in males because they were densely packed. Sensory neurons associated with sensilla at the distal end of the palpal organ projected into the palpal ganglion in the synganglion through the palpal nerve. Gustatory sensory neurons associated with palpal sensilla projected into a commissure with several bulges, which are confined in the palpal ganglion. The findings of distinct projection patterns of sensory neurons associated with the Haller's organ and palpal organ in the lone star tick from this study advanced our knowledge on mechanisms of sensory information processing in ticks.Keywords: Chemical sensilla, neuronal projection, synganglion, Amblyomma americanum. ResumoO presente estudo foi conduzido para elucidar a trajetória neuronal, entre as sensilas periféricas olfativas e gustativas e o singânglio, em uma espécie de carrapato Ixodidae. O tarso da primeira pata (nervos olfativos) e o quarto segmento palpal (nervos gustativos) de machos e fêmeas não alimentados de Amblyomma americanum foram excisados. Um traçador neuronal, dextran tetrametilrodamina, foi usado para preenchimento dos neurônios sensoriais. Os singânglios foram examinados através de microscopia confocal. Arborizações neuronais do órgão de Haller foram confinadas nos lobos olfativos e primeiro gânglio pedal. O número estimado de glomérulos olfativos variou de 16 a 22 por lobo olfativo nas fêmeas. Em machos, o número de glomérulos não foi contado, pois eles estavam densamente compactados. Os neurônios sensoriais associados com as sensilas, na porção distal do órgão palpal, projetaram-se no no gânglio palpal do singânglio § This article reports the results of research only. Mention of a proprietary product does not constitute an endorsement or a recommendation by the USDA for its use. The USDA is an equal opportunity provider and employer. † Authors contributed equally.

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The tarsal sensory system of Amblyomma variegatum Fabricius (Ixodidae, Metastriata) I. Wall pore and terminal pore sensilla

Cited by 31 publications

References 4 publications

Rumen metabolites serve ticks to exploit large mammals

Rumen metabolites serve ticks to exploit large mammals

Perception of breath components by the tropical bont tick, Amblyomma variegatum Fabricius (Ixodidae)

Neuronal projections from the Haller's organ and palp sensilla to the synganglion of Amblyomma americanum§

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