The technology and practical problems of pixel-synchronous CCD data acquisition for optical metrology applications

Raynor, Jeffrey M.

doi:10.1117/12.2294257

Cited by 9 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…These parameters must be included by an a priori method since multiple single camera networks do not provide a good calibration situation, the use of parameters constrained by their standard deviations is suggested. 7 . PHOTOGRAMMETRIC EVALUATION.…”

Section: Lens Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 95%

<title>Suitability of the Pulnix TM6CN CCD camera for photogrammetric measurement</title>

1993

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The Pulnix TM6CN CCD camera ( Figure 1) appears to be a suitable choice for many close range photogrammetric applications where the cost of the final system is a factor. The reasons for this are: its small size, low power consumption, pixel clock output, variable electronic shutter, and relatively high resolution. However, to have any confidence in such a camera a thorough examination is required to assess its characteristics. In this paper an investigation of three of these cameras is described, and their suitability for close range photogrammetry evaluated. The main factors assessed are system component influences, warm-up effects, line jitter, principal point location and lens calibration. The influence of the frame-store on the use of the camera is also estimated and where possible excluded. Results of using these cameras for close range measurement are given and analysed. While many users will have or prefer to buy other cameras, the evaluation of this particular camera should give an understanding of the important features of such image sensors, their use in photogrammetric measuring systems and the processes of evaluating their physical properties.

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Section: Lens Calibrationmentioning

confidence: 95%

<title>Suitability of the Pulnix TM6CN CCD camera for photogrammetric measurement</title>

1993

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“…The solution to both problems of line jitter and thermal drift follows a simple principle: pixel clock signals from the CCD sensor must be used as the sampling clock of the frame storage. Users of such pixel-synchronous image processing systems report subpixel resolutions of 1 % to 3 % of a pixel period [5], which is more than 10 times better than CCIR image processing systems.…”

Section: Precision and Sources Of Errorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

<title>Use of CCD cameras for digital image processing: synchronization precision, and sources of errors</title>

Heckel

1994

SPIE Proceedings

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Configuring the setup for an industrial application of optical 3-D sensing requires careful system design consideration. Especially the choice of the camera and the frame grabber determines the efficiency of the whole measurement system. The main aspect considered here is the synchronization of CCD cameras with a scanning (or flashlight) illumination system. Synchronization depends significantly on the transfer concept of the CCD sensor. The paper presents bases of CCD sensor concepts from the viewpoint of an user, who has to configure an image processing system suitable for his special application. The performance of the digital image system in industrial application of in-process measurement of bending angles is investigated and the main sources of errors are sketched.

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“…Commonly, transfer from the CCD array to a frame grabber requires an analogue to digital (A/D) converter. In such cases, timing errors between CCD array and A/D converter can give rise to synchronization error or line jitter (Raynor and Seitz, 1990). Such problems are eliminated in digital cameras where the A/D converter is matched to the CCD array and driven by the same timing generator.…”

Section: Ccd Arrays and Digital Data Transfermentioning

confidence: 99%

Practical Influences of Geometric and Radiometric Image Quality Provided By Different Digital Camera Systems

Robson

Shortis

1998

The Photogrammetric Record

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Imaging systems founded on current digital camera technology are finding widespread use in high precision measurement applications. A single digital CCD camera, or an array of such cameras, equipped with ring lighting equipment is commonly used to acquire imagery of high contrast retroreflective targets placed on the object at discrete locations to signalize points of interest. The precise and accurate measurement of each imaged target location is a fundamental requirement if suitable measurement tolerances are to be obtained. Whilst such systems are undoubtedly capable of producing excellent results, the practical effects of target image quality on the photogrammetric measurement process is in need of careful consideration. This paper revisits some fundamentals of the optical imaging of retrotargets and investigates some abilities of a range of digital camera systems to provide images of retrotargets that are appropriate to the measurement process. Some experimental results are presented including the imaging of planar arrays of differing sized retrotargets at differing angles and exposures and a series of network analyses in which the level of target image intensity has been varied systematically.

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The technology and practical problems of pixel-synchronous CCD data acquisition for optical metrology applications

Cited by 9 publications

References 0 publications

<title>Suitability of the Pulnix TM6CN CCD camera for photogrammetric measurement</title>

<title>Suitability of the Pulnix TM6CN CCD camera for photogrammetric measurement</title>

<title>Use of CCD cameras for digital image processing: synchronization precision, and sources of errors</title>

Practical Influences of Geometric and Radiometric Image Quality Provided By Different Digital Camera Systems

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