The Technology Behind Glucose Meters: Test Strips

Hönes, Joachim; Müller, Péter; Surridge, Nigel A.

doi:10.1089/dia.2008.0005

Cited by 137 publications

(121 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…Several previous studies reported that some test strips, especially those with glucose oxidase enzyme reaction, are sensitive to oxygen and that high oxygen concentrations may lead to system results lower than the true value. [29][30][31][32][33] Most of the published system accuracy evaluation studies either do not evaluate samples with BG concentration <80 and ≥300 mg/dl (or not sufficient numbers) or use venous blood. [34][35][36][37][38][39] Main reasons for doing so are most likely the difficulty of designing a controlled human study or an adequate procedure to obtain capillary blood samples in hypoglycemic and hyperglycemic ranges.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

System Accuracy Evaluation of 43 Blood Glucose Monitoring Systems for Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose according to DIN EN ISO 15197

Freckmann

Schmid

Baumstark

et al. 2012

J Diabetes Sci Technol

221

194

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

System Accuracy Evaluation of 43 Blood Glucose Monitoring Systems for Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose according to DIN EN ISO 15197

Freckmann

Schmid

Baumstark

et al. 2012

J Diabetes Sci Technol

221

194

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“…There are three main pathophysiological subtypes of this condition: Type 1, which is primarily autoimmune leading to destruction of pancreatic islet cells; Type 2, which often correlates with obesity leading to peripheral decreases in insulin resistance; and, gestational-/pregnancy-induced, which can lead to complications for both mother and child [62]. Monitoring of blood glucose levels is performed by applying a drop of capillary blood from the tip of a finger to a chemical test strip, and recent technical advances allow continuous surveillance [63]. Reagent-based, continuously-measuring sensors rely strongly on the stability of required reagents, which are often enzymes.…”

Section: Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vibrational spectroscopy of biofluids for disease screening or diagnosis: translation from the laboratory to a clinical setting

Mitchell

Gajjar

Theophilou

et al. 2014

Journal of Biophotonics

143

108

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There remains a need for objective and cost‐effective approaches capable of diagnosing early‐stage disease in point‐of‐care clinical settings. Given an increasingly ageing population resulting in a rising prevalence of chronic diseases, the need for screening to facilitate the personalising of therapies to prevent or slow down pathology development will increase. Such a tool needs to be robust but simple enough to be implemented into clinical practice. There is interest in extracting biomarkers from biofluids (e.g., plasma or serum); techniques based on vibrational spectroscopy provide an option. Sample preparation is minimal, techniques involved are relatively low‐cost, and data frameworks are available. This review explores the evidence supporting the applicability of vibrational spectroscopy to generate spectral biomarkers of disease in biofluids. We extend the inter‐disciplinary nature of this approach to hypothesise a microfluidic platform that could allow such measurements. With an appropriate lightsource, such engineering could revolutionize screening in the 21st century. (© 2014 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

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“…A fi nger-stick drop of blood is delivered to the reagents and electrodes on the strip via passive wicking through a microfl uidic capillary. Today's meters require less than 1 μL of blood and provide results in 5 seconds [ 43 ]. The prevalence of diabetes and the need for frequent blood glucose measurements create a high demand for glucose test strips.…”

Section: Glucometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Many glucometers function with blood drawn from alternative sites, such as the arm or thigh [ 45 ]. Another approach to reducing the discomfort associated with lancing devices and blood sampling is developing minimally invasive or noninvasive measurement techniques, such as sampling interstitial fl uids or transcutaneous spectroscopy [ 43 ]. These devices have the potential to make continuous blood glucose measurements and enable closed-loop insulin dosing.…”

Section: Glucometersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Diagnostic Innovations in Developing Urban Settings

Beattie

Stewart

Mace

2015

Innovating for Healthy Urbanization

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There is a signifi cant body of literature highlighting the importance of point-of-care diagnostics in improving health in developing countries [ 1 ]. Access to effective healthcare options can be severely limited in the developing world by the (typically) large distance between villages and appropriately stocked clinics and poor accessibility to skilled clinicians and physicians. This problem is often exacerbated by inadequate access to clean water, sanitation services, and a reliable source of electricity. The development of diagnostic tests, designed specifi cally for use in low-resource settings, would thus meet a substantial need. Urban and rural settings in the developing world are often beset by a lack of resources. The unique characteristics and different diagnostic needs of each setting, however, must be considered. Much attention is given to novel diagnostics designed for primary care settings in rural areas where patients are geographically far from the formal healthcare system, while urban areas are largely ignored. To understand the importance-and future-of diagnostics in developing urban settings, it is necessary to fi rst understand the distinct ecosystem present there.While the world is becoming more urbanized, there are signifi cant differences behind the reasons for urbanization and the effects of urbanization on a city's residents in developed-and developing countries. Developed country urban areas and developing country urban areas have very different standards of public health, environmental health, and city planning. Between developing urban areas, there is important variability. For example, while urbanization appears to correlate with economic opportunities in many Latin and South American countries, this trend does not hold in Africa, where urbanization is more often driven by high fertility rates and people

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The Technology Behind Glucose Meters: Test Strips

Cited by 137 publications

References 13 publications

System Accuracy Evaluation of 43 Blood Glucose Monitoring Systems for Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose according to DIN EN ISO 15197

System Accuracy Evaluation of 43 Blood Glucose Monitoring Systems for Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose according to DIN EN ISO 15197

Vibrational spectroscopy of biofluids for disease screening or diagnosis: translation from the laboratory to a clinical setting

Diagnostic Innovations in Developing Urban Settings

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