The technology for detection of gamma-ray burst with GECAM satellite

Li, X. Q.; An, Zhongfu; Chang, Zhe; Chen, G.; Chen, C.; Du, Y. Y.; Gao, Min; Gao, Ruihong; Gong, Ke; Guo, D. Y.; He, J.; Hou, Dongjie; Li, Y. G.; Li, C. Y.; Li, G.; Li, X. F.; Li, M. S.; Liang, X. H.; Liu, X. J.; Liu, Y. Q.; Lu, H.; Meng, Bin; Peng, W. X.; Shi, Feng; Sun, Xilei; Wang, H.; Wang, J. Z.; Wang, Y. S.; Z., Wang, H.; Wen, Xiang-Yang; Xiao, Shuo; Xiong, S. L.; Xu, Y. B.; Xu, Yupeng; Yang, S.; Yang, Jiajia; Yi, Q. B.; Zhang, D. L.; Zhang, Fan; Zhang, S. N.; Zhang, C. Y.; Zhang, C. M.; Zhang, Fei; Zhao, X. Y.; Zhao, Y.; Zhou, Xiaolong; Zhang, C. S.; Yu, Jiandong; Chang, Long‐Sen; Zhang, K. K.; Huang, Jianheng; Chen, Y. M.; Han, Xingbo

doi:10.1007/s41605-021-00288-z

Cited by 21 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 21 publications

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“…All-sky FOV satellites, e.g., GECAM (Li et al 2022) and Fermi/GBM (Meegan et al 2009), have accumulated a large amount of occultation data that can be used to study the longterm evolution of the Earth atmosphere. It is also necessary to extend the density retrieval method to apply to all-sky FOV satellites, and this is a subject of ongoing research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutral Atmospheric Density Measurement Using Insight-HXMT Data by the Earth Occultation Technique

Xue

Xiong

et al. 2022

ApJS

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The Earth occultation technique has broad applications in both astronomy and atmospheric density measurements. We construct the background model during the occultation of the Crab Nebula observed by the Insight-Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (Insight-HXMT) at energies between 6 and 100 keV. We propose a Bayesian atmospheric density retrieval method based on the Earth occultation technique, combining Poisson and Gaussian statistics. By modeling the atmospheric attenuation of X-ray photons during the occultation, we simultaneously retrieved the neutral densities of the atmosphere at different altitude ranges. Our method considers the correlation of densities between neighboring atmospheric layers and reduces the potential systematic bias to which previous work may be subject. Previous analyses based on light-curve fitting or spectral fitting also lost some spectral or temporal information of the data. In contrast to previous work, the occultation data observed by the three telescopes on board Insight-HXMT is fully used in our analysis, further reducing the statistical error in density retrieval. We apply our method to cross-check the (semi)empirical atmospheric models, using 115 sets of occultation data of the Crab Nebula observed by Insight-HXMT. We find that the retrieved neutral density is ∼10%, ∼20%, and ∼25% less than the values of the widely used atmospheric model NRLMSISE-00, in the altitude range of 55–80 km, 80–90 km, and 90–100 km, respectively. We also show that the newly released atmospheric model NRLMSIS 2.0 is generally consistent with our density measurements.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutral Atmospheric Density Measurement Using Insight-HXMT Data by the Earth Occultation Technique

Xue

Xiong

et al. 2022

ApJS

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show abstract

“…All-sky FoV satellites, e.g. GECAM (Li et al 2022) and Fermi /GBM (Meegan et al 2009), have accumulated a large amount of occultation data that can be used to study the long-term evolution of the Earth atmosphere. It is also necessary to extend the density retrieval method to apply to all-sky FoV satellites, and this is a subject of ongoing research.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neutral Atmospheric Density Measurement Using Insight-HXMT Data by Earth Occultation Technique

Xue¹,

Li²,

Xiong³

et al. 2022

Preprint

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The Earth occultation technique has broad applications in both astronomy and atmospheric density measurements. We construct the background model during the occultation of the Crab Nebula observed by the Insight-Hard X-ray Modulation Telescope (Insight-HXMT) at energies between 6 keV and 100 keV. We propose a Bayesian atmospheric density retrieval method based on the Earth occultation technique, combining Poisson and Gaussian statistics. By modeling the atmospheric attenuation of Xray photons during the occultation, we simultaneously retrieved the neutral densities of the atmosphere at different altitude ranges. Our method considers the correlation of densities between neighboring atmospheric layers and reduces the potential systematic bias to which previous work may be subject. Previous analyses based on light curve fitting or spectral fitting also lost some spectral or temporal information of the data. In contrast to previous work, the occultation data observed by the three telescopes onboard Insight-HXMT is fully used in our analysis, further reducing the statistical error in density retrieval. We apply our method to cross-check the (semi-)empirical atmospheric models, using 115 sets of occultation data of the Crab Nebula observed by Insight-HXMT. We find that the retrieved neutral density is ∼10%, ∼20%, and ∼25% less than the values of the widely used atmospheric model NRLMSISE-00, in the altitude range of 55-80 km, 80-90 km, and 90-100 km, respectively. We also show that the newly released atmospheric model NRLMSIS 2.0 is generally consistent with our density measurements.

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“…The GECAM payload mainly consists of 25 GRDs (for 15 keV-5 MeV X/γ rays), eight CPDs (for 150 keV-5 MeV charged particles), and the Electronic Box (EBOX, An et al 2022;Li et al 2022b;Xu et al 2022). As illustrated in Figure 1, 25 GRDs and six CPDs are placed with different orientations in the detector dome of the GECAM satellite to monitor most of the sky region, while two CPDs are installed on the +X side of the payload EBOX.…”

Section: The Gecam Instrumentmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Gravitational Wave High-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM, Li et al 2022b) is a space-based instrument dedicated to the detection of gammaray electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational waves (Abbott et al 2017a(Abbott et al , 2017bGoldstein et al 2017;Savchenko et al 2017;Li et al 2018) and fast radio bursts (Lorimer et al 2007;Li et al 2021a), as well as other high-energy astrophysical and terrestrial transient sources, such as gamma-ray bursts (GRBs, Klebesadel et al 1973), soft gamma-ray repeaters (SGRs, Woods & Thompson 2004), solar flares (SFLs, Parks & Winckler 1969), terrestrial gamma-ray flashes (TGFs, Fishman et al 1994), and terrestrial electron beams (Dwyer et al 2008;Xiong et al 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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GECAM Localization of High-energy Transients and the Systematic Error

Zhao

Xue

Xiong³

et al. 2023

ApJS

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The Gravitational Wave High-energy Electromagnetic Counterpart All-sky Monitor (GECAM) is a pair of microsatellites (i.e., GECAM-A and GECAM-B) dedicated to monitoring gamma-ray transients including the high-energy electromagnetic counterparts of gravitational waves, such as gamma-ray bursts, soft gamma-ray repeaters, solar flares, and terrestrial gamma-ray flashes. Since launch in 2020 December, GECAM-B has detected hundreds of astronomical and terrestrial events. For these bursts, localization is the key for burst identification and classification as well as follow-up observations in multiple wavelengths. Here, we propose a Bayesian localization method with Poisson data with Gaussian background profile likelihood to localize GECAM bursts based on the distribution of burst counts in detectors with different orientations. We demonstrate that this method can work well for all kinds of bursts, especially extremely short ones. In addition, we propose a new method to estimate the systematic error of localization based on a confidence level test, which can overcome some problems of the existing method in the literature. We validate this method by Monte Carlo simulations, and then apply it to a burst sample with accurate location and find that the mean value of the systematic error of GECAM-B localization is ∼2.°5. By considering this systematic error, we can obtain a reliable localization probability map for GECAM bursts. Our methods can be applied to other gamma-ray monitors.

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The technology for detection of gamma-ray burst with GECAM satellite

Cited by 21 publications

References 21 publications

Neutral Atmospheric Density Measurement Using Insight-HXMT Data by the Earth Occultation Technique

Neutral Atmospheric Density Measurement Using Insight-HXMT Data by the Earth Occultation Technique

Neutral Atmospheric Density Measurement Using Insight-HXMT Data by Earth Occultation Technique

GECAM Localization of High-energy Transients and the Systematic Error

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