The Technology of Production and Treatment of Materials in the Electric Field

Abstract

The technical result of the method of production and treatment of materials in the weak constant electric current suggested in the given paper is the opportunity of regulating the physical and technical properties of materials. Treatment of materials in the electric field is a convenient and economically efficient method for producing a pure solid substance. The unit for producing and treating the materials in the weak non-contact electric field includes the experimental cell placed between two electrodes connected to the power supply through a voltage divider which is a number of elements connected by resistance in series which allows varying the voltage of the electric field in the experimental cell. The experiments demonstrated that the given technology allows growing mono-, micro-and whisker crystals of a number of inorganic salts (azides, halogenides of silver and alkali metals) having the prescribed size, reproducible physical and technical characteristics, regulated defect structure, long storage life (at least 6 months).

Combined Steel Treatment with Calcium-Silicon

“…When the calcium content is more than 0.001%, inclusions with a higher calcium content and a lower oxygen content CaO•2Al 2 O 3 are formed in parallel with CaO•6Al 2 O 3 inclusions. The results obtained prove the findings in reference [4,8]. The analysis of various factors having influence on calcium recovery has showed the degree of slag oxidation is the most significant.…”

“…Before starting treatment with calcium, the steel was covered with slag which had a great influence on a rate of desulphurization and final sulfur content in steel. Desulphurization occurs in the course of interaction between metal and slag [4] [S] + [Fе] + (СаО) = (СаS) + (FеО);…”

The Effect of Additionally Introduced Impurities of Fe and Pb Ions on Silver Azide Decomposition

“…Silver azide whiskers (AgN 3 ) grown as stated in [2] were used as objects of research. The authors selected standard crystals 100.10.03 mm 3 with background impurity Cu 2+ , Fe 3+ , Pb 2+ , Ti 2+ , the concentration of which was 3•10 -5 ÷10 -4 mole percent, as well as with increased Pb and Fe concentration (up to one weight percent).…”

“…Slow decomposition in silver azide crystals begins and becomes localized in reactive sites, which are formed by edge dislocations and point defects. Some authors [1,2] claim that Cottrell cloud including impurities of positively charged metal ions dominates formation of reactive sites. To date, a number of experiments have indicated that time needed for formation of reactive sites can be varied with the help of quantitative decline in the composition of impurity, that is, stabilizing the material chemically, controlling, therefore, its reactivity [1].…”

Controllable Decomposition in Ahm Crystals in Ultraviolet Radiation

“…The influence of electric field on dislocation structure of crystals is given in the paper 4 (see the list of references). Due to recently held experiments of noncontact electric field influence on the process of slow solid-phase decomposition triggered in AHM crystals by electric field [8], and results of influence of weak electric field on the process of crystallization and explosive sensitivity of these materials [9][10][11], there is an attempt in this paper to reveal an influence of noncontact electric field on a process of photochemical decomposition of wire type silver azide and lead azide crystals. The objectives of the research are the following: influence studies of noncontact constant and alternating electric field of various configuration on kinetics processes taking place in wire type silver azide and lead azide crystals after ultraviolet (UV) radiation; influence studies of low and extra-low (up to 10 -4 V/m) electric field on the process of photochemical decomposition of AHM; designing methods for controlling a reaction capability of energy-related materials.…”