The temperature effect in sooting diffusion flames

Glassman, Irvin; Yaccarino, P.

doi:10.1016/s0082-0784(81)80122-1

Cited by 92 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…The experimental findings of Kent and Wagner [17] and Lee and Na [18] have not been incorporated into existing soot oxidation models. The mechanism of transition from non-smoking to smoking behaviour as the fuel flow rate increases Numerical modelling of soot formation 303 has been investigated by Glassman and Yaccarino [19] and Kent and Wagner [17]. The earlier study of Glassman and Yaccarino considered the role of oxygen leakage at the nozzle tip as the mechanism of this transition.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modelling of soot formation and oxidation in laminar coflow non-smoking and smoking ethylene diffusion flames

Liu¹,

Guo²,

Smallwood³

et al. 2003

TCTM

122

103

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Numerical modelling of soot formation and oxidation in laminar coflow non-smoking and smoking ethylene diffusion flames

Liu¹,

Guo²,

Smallwood³

et al. 2003

TCTM

122

103

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“…The oxidation of soot in regions of elevated temperature is consistent with the hypothesis that, in premixed flames, the oxidative attack on soot increases faster than pyrolysis as the temperature is raised. 16 Whether the present burner behaves as a premixed system is, at present, a point only of conjecture. Although the burner, in fact, comprises a myriad of diffusion-limited and premixed parcels, the combination of the intense fuel/air mixing, fine atomization, and the efficient distribution of fuel provided by the air-assist nozzle is conducive to the promotion of an overall premixed behavior.…”

Section: Soot Fieldmentioning

confidence: 88%

Spatially-resolved measurements of soot size and population in a swirl-stabilized combustor

Wood

Smith

Samuelsen

1985

Symposium (International) on Combustion

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Isooctane, and mixtures of isooctane with various ring and aromatic compounds blended to yield the same smoke point were separately injected through a twin-fluid atomizer into a turbulent, swirl-stabilized model combustor. A nonintrusive optical probe based on large angle (60 ~ 20 ~ intensity ratio scattering was used to yield a point measurement of soot particulate in the size range of 0.08 to 0.38 i,tm. The velocity and temperature fields were characterized by a two-color laser anemometer and thermocouple, respectively. Sooting was low or nonexistent in regions of high temperature and relatively high in regions of depressed temperature. The addition of ring compounds to isooctane increased the amount of soot produced and changed the location of peak soot production. The total amount of soot produced depended on fuel type for those fuels of equivalent smoke point, with the double ring compounds yielding significantly more soot than the single ring blend. The amount of soot produced was reduced by a reduction in fuel loading. Scanning electron micrographs of extracted samples established that the optical technique resolved the large particle wing of the soot size distribution. The results point to the complexity of soot production in flows dominated by strong aerodynamics, and the importance of nonintrusive optical measurements to both unravel the processes of formation and burnout and provide the information necessary to guide combustor and nozzle design.

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“…Table II, Table II are the calculated temperatures at the Yi and Yo listed in Table I. The lower temperatures are in regions where soot has been convected; soot generation probably does not occur below lSOOoK (38).…”

Section: Thermophoresis Trajectories and Generation Ratesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Soot generation within radiating diffusion flames

Pagni

Okoh

1985

Symposium (International) on Combustion

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C 7 H 16 and (C S H 8 0 2 )n] in free, radiating, boundary layer, diffusion flames are represented analytically. Approximate particle concentrations and size distributions, determined with previously reported optical techniques, are used. These sizes, r -30 nm, indicate the particles are in the free molecular flow regime, Kn -10, so that the thermal boundary layer thickness around the particle approaches zero and the particle temperature is locked to the local gas temperature. Based on this coupling and the experimental -soot fv -1 ppm, the optically thin approximation is valid for incorporating soot radiation in the gas boundary layer equations. The pertinent fields, i.e. tpmperature, velocity and species, are reported. Thermophoretic forces are included in particle trajectory calculations. The local soot mass flow rates within the boundary layer are derived and net soot mass generation rates are obtained for these well characterized laminar flames. An Arrenhius expression appears to suffice to describe the temperature dependence of the soot growth rate over a 400 0 K temperature range, 19S0 < T < 23S0K. Toluene has Ea = 108 kcal/mole while all the other fuels examined have Ea = 86 kcal/mole, very close to H3C -C6HS and C-C bond energies, respectively. Consistent with the goal of fire radiation prediction, calculated temperatures and velocities were used to obtain these empirical energies. Temperature and velocity measurements are in progress. Future work will include mixed flow boundary layer systems where control over the free stream oxygen mass fraction in a combustion tunnel configuration provides greater flame stability and a wider temperature range.

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The temperature effect in sooting diffusion flames

Cited by 92 publications

References 10 publications

Numerical modelling of soot formation and oxidation in laminar coflow non-smoking and smoking ethylene diffusion flames

Numerical modelling of soot formation and oxidation in laminar coflow non-smoking and smoking ethylene diffusion flames

Spatially-resolved measurements of soot size and population in a swirl-stabilized combustor

Soot generation within radiating diffusion flames

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