The temporal dynamics of emotion regulation: An EEG study of distraction and reappraisal

Thiruchselvam, Ravi; Blechert, Jens; Sheppes, Gal; Rydström, Anders; Gross, James J.

doi:10.1016/j.biopsycho.2011.02.009

Cited by 353 publications

(454 citation statements)

References 40 publications

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“…Because participants in that study utilized detached reappraisal to decrease responses, we reasoned that enhanced SPN to the decrease cue indexed the preparation of a neutral, distant mode of processing. Consonant with this reasoning, Thiruchselvam et al (2011) also found enhanced SPN to a cue instructing participants to distract themselves using neutral imagery unrelated to the negative stimuli they were about to see. In contrast, SPN was not modulated when participants reported imagining themselves or a loved-one in the negative scenes they saw so as to personalize and increase their negative reactions in our previous study (Moser et al, 2009).…”

Section: Basic Science Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 77%

“…The instruction phrases "LOOK NEGATIVE" and "LOOK NEUTRAL" indicated that the participant should respond naturally to the presented negative and neutral images, respectively. We did not include a "REAPPRAISE NEUTRAL" instruction phrase for two main reasons: a) to be consistent with the majority of prior reappraisal research in which a reappraise-neutral condition was omitted (e.g., Hajcak & Nieuwenhuis, 2006;McRae et al, 2010;Paul, Simon, Kniesche, Kathmann, & Endrass, 2013;Thiruchselvam et al, 2011), and b) our experience in prior work (Krompinger et al, 2008;Moser et al, 2006Moser et al, , 2009Moser et al, , 2010 has been that it is difficult to design reappraisal instructions for regulating responses to emotionally neutral stimuli (e.g., coffee cups, baskets, office scenes) that subjects can understand and easily and reliably implement. After the instruction phrase was presented, a blank screen occupied the screen for 500 ms followed by a centrally presented white fixation cross lasting 500 ms.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Neural markers of positive reappraisal and their associations with trait reappraisal and worry.

Moser¹,

Hartwig²,

Moran³

et al. 2014

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

111

135

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Positively reinterpreting negative experiences is important for psychological well-being and represents a key mechanism of cognitive-behavioral therapies for emotional problems. Yet, little is known about the neural mechanisms that underlie this process and how they relate to clinically relevant individual differences. Here we demonstrate using event-related potentials (ERPs) that positively reappraising distress-inducing images is associated with early increases in frontal control activity and later decreases in parietal arousal-related activity. Moreover, we show that people's chronic tendencies to reappraise versus worry modulate neural activity in opposing directions-trait reappraisal predicts decreases in parietal arousal-related activity during positive reappraisal implementation whereas worry predicts increases in the same waveform. These findings provide novel insights into the neural time course of positive reappraisal. They also speak to the potential clinical utility of neurophysiological measures as relatively inexpensive, noninvasive biomarkers that could serve as risk indicators and treatment mediators.

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Section: Basic Science Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 77%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Neural markers of positive reappraisal and their associations with trait reappraisal and worry.

Moser¹,

Hartwig²,

Moran³

et al. 2014

Journal of Abnormal Psychology

111

135

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…One study that attempted to test this hypothesis found that gaze fixation as an index of visual attention accounted for a significant amount of variance in almost all clusters of frontal regions activated during a reappraisal strategy, a condition in which participants spent significantly less time fixating at the picture and its relevant parts (van Reekum et al, 2007), although this result has not been replicated with other measures (Urry, 2010). In support of the key role of attention in emotion regulation, another study found that attention influenced an earlier stage of the emotion-generative trajectory in comparison to reappraisal (Thiruchselvam, Blechert, Sheppes, Rydstrom, & Gross, 2011). This is in accordance with information processing approaches, which posit that attention is fundamental for the selection of information and guidance of behavior (Dalgleish, 2003).…”

Section: A Special Note On Attentionmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…Still concerning distraction, it has been found that even though its regulatory impact on negative stimuli takes effect faster than reappraisal, people who use distraction are more reactive to these stimuli when subsequently presented to them (Thiruchselvam et al, 2011). This was interpreted as indicating that distraction may only be useful as a momentary regulation without lasting effects.…”

Section: Meditation As a Particular Strategy Of Emotion Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sitting and silent meditation as a strategy to study emotion regulation.

Menezes

Pereira

Bizarro

2012

Psychology & Neuroscience

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Emotion regulation is the capacity to control the way in which people attend, perceive, process and react to emotional information. Practitioners of sitting and silent meditation develop a greater control of their mental processes, culminating in regulatory abilities that lead to well-being and emotional balance. In this paper we reviewed evidence from recent studies on neurophysiology and cognitive psychology on emotion regulation-focusing on negative emotions-and meditation in order to discuss their intertwining. This critical review showed that controlling attention and fostering a relaxation state are the main mechanisms for the interaction between emotion regulation and meditation. Importantly, it is suggested that the effects of meditation on emotion regulation should be conceptualized separately as those taking effect during the practice and those occurring as an outcome of such practice. Finally, it is highlighted that meditation should be conceived as a particular type of emotion regulation strategy, and that further studies comparing these strategies more directly are warranted.

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“…The IAPS is widely used in studies on emotions (Sheppes et al, 2014;Thiruchselvam, Blechert, Sheppes, Rydstrom, & Gross, 2011), is valid in eliciting emotional reactions in varying intensities, and the elicited emotional reactions have been shown to correlate highly with physiological measures (e.g., skin conductance, heart rate) of emotional arousal (Lang & Bradley, 2007). The overall picture set comprised 10 neutral pictures, 30 low-intensity and 30 high-intensity negative pictures, categorized based on normative valence ratings (Lang et al, 2008).…”

Section: Materials and Proceduresmentioning

confidence: 99%

Practicing psychotherapists are more skilled at downregulating negative emotions than other professionals.

Pletzer¹,

Sánchez²,

Scheibe³

2015

Psychotherapy

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(2015) Practicing psychotherapists are more skilled at downregulating negative emotions than other professionals. Psychotherapy, 52 (3). pp. 346-350.Downloaded from: http://insight.cumbria.ac.uk/id/eprint/2051/ Usage of any items from the University of Cumbria's institutional repository 'Insight' must conform to the following fair usage guidelines.Any item and its associated metadata held in the University of Cumbria's institutional repository Insight (unless stated otherwise on the metadata record) may be copied, displayed or performed, and stored in line with the JISC fair dealing guidelines (available here) for educational and not-for-profit activities provided that• the authors, title and full bibliographic details of the item are cited clearly when any part of the work is referred to verbally or in the written form Lay people and psychotherapists alike tend to assume that psychotherapists are more effective than the average population in regulating negative emotions. Being receptive to patients' distress and being able to down-regulate negative emotions are important skills for psychotherapists to provide effective help and sustain their own well-being. We investigated whether psychotherapists react to negative material differently, and down-regulate emotions more effectively, than individuals working in other, non-therapeutic, professions. Practicing psychotherapists (n = 21) and a control group of non-therapists (n = 18) were exposed to pictures designed to elicit negative emotions in varying intensities and were asked to rate their emotional response, first after viewing them naturally and then after choosing, and applying, one of two given regulation strategies (i.e., distraction and reappraisal). Both groups responded similarly in terms of emotional reactivity and strategy choices, but psychotherapists were more effective than non-therapists in reducing their emotional response after applying emotion regulation strategies. We suggest that psychotherapists' comparable emotional reactivity and more effective emotion regulation makes them well-prepared to provide effective help to patients and safeguards their own well-being.

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The temporal dynamics of emotion regulation: An EEG study of distraction and reappraisal

Cited by 353 publications

References 40 publications

Neural markers of positive reappraisal and their associations with trait reappraisal and worry.

Neural markers of positive reappraisal and their associations with trait reappraisal and worry.

Sitting and silent meditation as a strategy to study emotion regulation.

Practicing psychotherapists are more skilled at downregulating negative emotions than other professionals.

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