“…Research relating test anxiety to academic performance has established that high levels of test anxiety are associated with lower levels of students' learning and performance (Sub & Prabha, 2003). Often test-anxious students at all levels of education perform more poorly on standardized tests (Everson, Millsap, & Rodriguez, 1991) and receive poorer grades (Chapell, Blanding, Silverstein, Takahashi, Newman, Gubi, & McCann, 2005) than they ought to because anxiety and other test-taking deficiencies interfere with their performance, either directly or indirectly (Efklides, Papadaki, Papantoniou, & Kiosseoglou, 1997Lowe et al, 2008;Metallidou & Vlachou, 2007).…”