The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy by Irvin D. Yalom and Molyn Leszcz

Yam, Wern How

doi:10.1353/grp.2022.0006

Cited by 199 publications

(422 citation statements)

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“…This core component is comprised of three parts, beginning with it being a process-oriented group. The key therapeutic principles of process group therapy articulated by Yalom and Leszcz (2008) all are important for optimizing group therapeutic processes; however, the principles of particular relevance for moral injury groups include: instillation of hope, universality, altruism, interpersonal learning, catharsis, group cohesiveness, and existential factors. A person suffering from moral injury is likely to feel some blend of hopeless, alone, worthless, powerless, misunderstood, purposeless, and stuck (Drescher et al, 2011; Koenig, Ames, et al, 2017).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core components of moral injury groups co-facilitated by mental health providers and chaplains.

Smigelsky¹,

Trimm²,

Meador³

et al. 2022

Spirituality in Clinical Practice

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Despite increasing interest in moral injury, there is not yet consensus around what it is (and is not), who can have it and under what circumstances, or the degree and form of distress necessary to distinguish moral injury from other psychological and spiritual difficulties. The novelty of moral injury has created space for frontline Veterans Health Administration (VHA) mental health and spiritual care providers to creatively apply their core professional skills and identities to moral injury. This article presents findings of a core components analysis (CCA) derived from seven co-led chaplain-mental health moral injury group facilitation teams that were involved in a 16-month quality improvement endeavor of the Dynamic Diffusion Network (DDN). The DDN initiative engages providers in collaborative and iterative refinement of practices to promote rapid improvements in care for complex problems that lack a codified evidence base. Using CCA, we identified 10 core components of co-facilitated moral injury group care. Components include a clear conceptualization of moral injury, an inclusive approach to spirituality, and exploration of forgiveness, among others. This article offers guidance that can be widely applied and readily adapted as our collective understanding of moral injury continues to expand and clarify. The core components are articulated here as principles for ongoing review and revision in response to future moral injury advances in the DDN and elsewhere.Melissa A. Smigelsky https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9753-4492The views expressed in this article are those of the authors and do not reflect the position or policy of the Department of Veterans Affairs, United States Government, or other organizations with which authors are affiliated. We would like to thank the individuals who comprised the Dynamic Diffusion Network (DDN) moral injury teams:

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Core components of moral injury groups co-facilitated by mental health providers and chaplains.

Smigelsky¹,

Trimm²,

Meador³

et al. 2022

Spirituality in Clinical Practice

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Informing all aspects of the group process and interventions by the group leaders are group psychotherapy principles that foster the presumed curative factors of group psychotherapy (Yalom and Leszcz, 2005). These include ensuring safe emotional expression, instillation of hope, universality, and reduced isolation, imparting information, altruism, interpersonal learning, and group cohesiveness.…”

Section: Design and Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of the Reitman Centre CARERS program for supporting dementia family caregivers: a pre–post intervention study

Sadavoy

Sajedinejad

Chiu

2021

Int. Psychogeriatr.

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Objectives: While family caregivers (CGs) of persons with dementia are cost-effective for the health system, this form of caregiving leads to disproportionate vulnerability to physical, mental, and social adverse health consequences among CGs. The study goal was to determine the effect of the Reitman Centre CARERS program on key outcomes in family CGs of people with dementia. The Reitman Centre CARERS program is an innovative, group psychotherapeutic skills training intervention based on integrated problem-solving techniques (PST), simulation learning, and group psychotherapy designed to address each CGs’ unique situation. Design: A quasi-experimental, non-randomized, pre–post evaluation, multiple groups, multisite trial. Setting: Multisite group intervention provided in community agencies and hospital-based locations. Participants: Spousal or adult child family CGs (n = 264) living in the community and providing care to community-dwelling family members with dementia. Measurement: CGs were assessed for depression (CES-D); stress (PSS); burden (12-item SZBI); role overload, mastery, caregiving competence, and role captivity (Perlin scales), coping (CISS – Coping Inventory for Stressful Situations), CG reactions to CR’s memory and behavioral symptoms (RMBPC). Care recipients (CRs) were assessed on basic and complex activities of daily living (Katz and Lawton). Paired t-tests and Wilcoxon signed-rank test were used for statistical analysis of both the whole group and a more compromised subgroup of CGs. Results: For the group as a whole, CGs showed significant positive change on post-intervention outcome measures of stress, depression, burden, competence, role captivity, overload, mastery, coping, and reaction to memory issues. The intervention showed especially robust effect sizes (ES) in more compromised CGs. These positive outcomes emerged despite a significant measured deterioration in CRs’ function. Conclusion: The CARERS program may be an effective multicomponent intervention to improve the well-being, functioning, and coping skills of dementia CGs.

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“…It is described as a “triple E treatment,” which means effective, equivalent, and efficient. Subsequent investigations have shown that group psychotherapy is effective, with its results being equivalent to individual psychotherapy, and at the same time, is far more effective than individual psychotherapy, both financially and in terms of managing psychotherapists’ time ( 11 , 12 ). However, this does not mean that we know everything about group psychotherapy, especially online group psychotherapy sessions.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These interactions, along with the participants’ life stories, are then analyzed. According to Yalom and Leszcz ( 11 ), in such groups, a specific social microcosm is created, in which the participants’ intrapersonal and interpersonal problems of their everyday lives are played out during therapy. Psychodynamic and interpersonal approaches deal with a number of phenomena that are known to clinicians but are difficult to define in scientific terms, including group process, group development, transference and countertransference, group climate, group cohesion, group-as-a-whole, etc.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Group participants, together with group leaders, strive to make people aware of internal dynamisms and inadequate patterns of behavior that so far they had been unaware of. In addition, Yalom, based on his research ( 11 ), listed 12 non-specific therapeutic factors that contribute to participant change, hidden in group dynamics and individual member interactions. One of the most important factors in later studies turned out to be group cohesion, which is defined as the equivalent of a therapeutic relationship in individual therapy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Online group psychodynamic psychotherapy—The effectiveness and role of attachment—The results of a short study

et al. 2022

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The role of remote treatment, including psychotherapy, has increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results of research in this area are promising, initially pointing to similar effectiveness for online psychotherapy as that of face-to-face psychotherapy. A significantly smaller amount of research has been conducted on online group psychotherapy, in particular, in the psychodynamic paradigm. Many authors have drawn attention to the need to conduct further research, considering specific patient features, for example, personality traits, attachment style, age, and other demographic variables. This study conducted pre- and post-treatment (10 weeks) and a 6-week follow-up, on the effectiveness of online synchronous group psychodynamic psychotherapy (via Zoom) taking into account patients’ attachment styles. Four main hypotheses were tested: H1: Patients will obtain a lower score in the attachment’s dimensions of anxiety and avoidance; H2: Patients will get a lower level of symptoms and sense of loneliness; H3: Patients will have increased self-esteem; and H4: The anxiety and avoidance dimensions of the attachment will be predictors for the effectiveness of online psychodynamic group psychotherapy. Twenty-two outpatients participated in the study, out of which 18 suffered from neurotic, stress-related, and somatoform disorders (F40-F48), and four suffered from a depressive episode (F32.0, F32.1) according to ICD-10. The results of the pre-treatment test showed a reduction in the global severity of psychiatric symptoms (d = −0.526) and depressive symptoms (d = −0.5), as well as an increase in self-esteem (d = 0.444) and feelings of loneliness (d = 0.46). A change in the attachment dimension, anxiety (d = −0.557) and avoidance (d = −0.526), was also observed. The above results were maintained in the follow-up test conducted after 6 weeks. Additionally, a reduction in the symptoms of social phobia was observed. Attachment dimensions were not a predictor of the effectiveness of psychotherapy, but a decrease in avoidance during therapy was a predictor of increased symptoms of pain. The results of the research are promising in terms of psychiatric symptoms and increased self-esteem. During therapy, there may be a favorable change in attachment dimensions, but this variable was not shown to be a predictor of results. These results suggest that more controlled research is required.

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The Theory and Practice of Group Psychotherapy by Irvin D. Yalom and Molyn Leszcz

Cited by 199 publications

References 0 publications

Core components of moral injury groups co-facilitated by mental health providers and chaplains.

Core components of moral injury groups co-facilitated by mental health providers and chaplains.

Evaluation of the Reitman Centre CARERS program for supporting dementia family caregivers: a pre–post intervention study

Online group psychodynamic psychotherapy—The effectiveness and role of attachment—The results of a short study

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