The Theory of Bounded Rationality and The Problem of Legitimation

Values as constraints on affordances: Perceiving and acting properly

“…Even after their appearance in awareness, values are partially ambiguous (i.e., open-ended), and since they are revealed over time they have a necessarily tacit status that goals do not (Martin et al, 1987). For example, what it means to be a good mother or father is always somewhat open; it is something one learns to be by doing.…”

“…Unlike goals which must be specifiable in advance if they are to serve as "stop conditions" for the rule-following processes involved in cognition and action, values are progressively revealed only in the activity of creation and discovety and are often unarticulated until after their emergence in the thought or action they assess (Martin, Kleindorfer, & Buchanan, I 986). Even after their appearance in awareness, values are partially ambiguous (i.e., open-ended), and since they are revealed over time they have a necessarily tacit status that goals do not (Martin et al, 1987). For example, what it means to be a good mother or father is always somewhat open; it is something one learns to be by doing.…”

“…Rules with their precision do not allow for the "play" necessary to scientific creativity.' Furthermore, as Martin et al (1987) have argued, rules and goals cannot be self-justifying. In order to establish the appropriateness of a given goal, one would have to appeal to some higher goal or some more fundamental rule to legitimate the goal in question.…”

Using a Cognitive Prosthesis to Assist Foodservice Managerial Decision Making

“…Whether the difficulties are the result of certain matters of principle, or whether what is needed is more time and money, is a matter of continuing debate. We have our own views on the matter, and some of those have been published elsewhere (Kleindorfer & Martin, 1983;Martin & Kleindorfer, 1986;Martin, Kleindorfer, & Brashers;. It is not, however, the purpose of this paper to enter into that debate.…”

The Argumentum Ad Hominem and Two Theses About Evolutionary Epistemology: “Godelian” Reflections

“…Our proposal is that instead of having either direct access or no access to that reality, the knower is an agent who possesses a real but tacit access to it. This access is constituted in terms of what we have called epistemic valuesvalues which the knower is, as an agent, responsible to realize (Kleindorfer and Martin, 1983;Martin, Kleindorfer, and Brashers, 1987;Martin, 1989). For example, the clashing valuesconsistency and completenesshave informed the debate we have staged between p and k .…”