The theory of reinvestment

Masters, Rsw; Maxwell, Jonathan P.

doi:10.1080/17509840802287218

Cited by 538 publications

(569 citation statements)

References 141 publications

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“…16 The Theory of Reinvestment 17 suggests that consciously intervening in skill execution can disrupt normally automatic motor processes, causing the smooth, automated movements of skilled performers to reflect the erratic, jerky movements of their less skilled counterparts. In support of the Theory of Reinvestment, Malhotra, Poolton, Wilson, Ngo and Masters 16 found that a high propensity, as opposed to a low propensity, for movement specific reinvestment was associated with an inability to cope with time pressure demands.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Personality Dimensions That Influence Practice and Performance of a Simulated Laparoscopic Task in the Objective Structured Clinical Examination

Malhotra

Poolton

Wilson

et al. 2015

Journal of Surgical Education

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring Personality Dimensions That Influence Practice and Performance of a Simulated Laparoscopic Task in the Objective Structured Clinical Examination

Malhotra

Poolton

Wilson

et al. 2015

Journal of Surgical Education

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“…Grounded on classic theories of motor learning and control, the Theory of Reinvestment (Masters, 1992;Masters & Maxwell, 2008) proposes that automated motor processes can be disrupted when task-relevant declarative knowledge is used to consciously control movements. Specifically, reinvestment of declarative knowledge de-chunks automatic motor programs into separate components that require conscious control, causing a regression on the skill acquisition continuum to an earlier, more primitive and less effective stage of movement control (MacMahon & Masters, 1999).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This notion has been supported by research using electroencephalography (EEG) to assess cortical activity during movement tasks (for reviews see Cooke, 2013;Hatfield et al, 2004;Requin, Brener, & Ring, 1991). For instance, EEG research has indicated that experts display greater cortical efficiency (e.g., Babiloni et al, 2010), while also being more sensitive to errors (e.g., Cooke et al, 2015) when planning and executing movements.Grounded on classic theories of motor learning and control, the Theory of Reinvestment (Masters, 1992;Masters & Maxwell, 2008) proposes that automated motor processes can be disrupted when task-relevant declarative knowledge is used to consciously control movements. Specifically, reinvestment of declarative knowledge de-chunks automatic motor programs into separate components that require conscious control, causing a regression on the skill acquisition continuum to an earlier, more primitive and less effective stage of movement control (MacMahon & Masters, 1999).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Lower left temporal-frontal connectivity characterizes expert and accurate performance: High-alpha T7-Fz connectivity as a marker of conscious processing during movement.

Gallicchio

Cooke

Ring

2016

Sport, Exercise, and Performance Psychology

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The Theory of Reinvestment argues that conscious processing can impair motor performance. The present study tested the utility of left temporal-frontal cortical connectivity as a neurophysiological marker of movement specific conscious processing. Expert and novice golfers completed putts while temporal-frontal connectivity was computed using high alpha Inter Site Phase Clustering (ISPC) and then analyzed as a function of experience (experts versus novices), performance (holed versus missed putts), and pressure (low versus high). Existing evidence shows that left temporal to frontal connectivity is related to dispositional conscious processing and is sensitive to the amount of declarative knowledge acquired during learning. We found that T7-Fz ISPC, but not T8-Fz ISPC, was lower in experts than novices, and lower when putts were holed than missed. Accordingly, our findings provide additional evidence that communication between verbal/language and motor areas of the brain during preparation for action and its execution is associated with poor motor performance. Our findings validate high-alpha left temporal-frontal connectivity as a neurophysiological correlate of movement specific conscious processing. Key wordsconscious processing; Inter Site Phase Clustering (ISPC); motor control; Reinvestment Theory; temporal-frontal connectivity 3 Classic theories of motor learning (e.g., Fitts & Posner, 1967) suggest that early in the learning process novices control movements deliberately and consciously, whereas following extensive practice they can learn to control movements automatically with reduced conscious awareness (i.e., they can evolve into experts). Thus, learning represents a transition from deliberate and explicit to automatic and implicit control of movement. This notion has been supported by research using electroencephalography (EEG) to assess cortical activity during movement tasks (for reviews see Cooke, 2013;Hatfield et al., 2004;Requin, Brener, & Ring, 1991). For instance, EEG research has indicated that experts display greater cortical efficiency (e.g., Babiloni et al., 2010), while also being more sensitive to errors (e.g., Cooke et al., 2015) when planning and executing movements.Grounded on classic theories of motor learning and control, the Theory of Reinvestment (Masters, 1992;Masters & Maxwell, 2008) proposes that automated motor processes can be disrupted when task-relevant declarative knowledge is used to consciously control movements. Specifically, reinvestment of declarative knowledge de-chunks automatic motor programs into separate components that require conscious control, causing a regression on the skill acquisition continuum to an earlier, more primitive and less effective stage of movement control (MacMahon & Masters, 1999). Importantly, the theory argues that contingencies such as movement errors, or increases in pressure, can create the conditions for reinvestment to occur (Lam, Masters, & Maxwell, 2010).For instance, pressure -defined as "the presence of situational incentive...

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“…First, avoidant instructions led to significantly slower backswing 425 and fore-swing times for the low-skilled golfers. According to the progression-426 regression hypothesis (see Masters & Maxwell, 2008 for a review) disruption to 427 timing may occur when a performer devotes conscious attention to a proceduralized 428 motor skill. Our data are consistent with Mullen and Hardy's (2000) finding that 429 putting strokes in high-handicap (i.e., low-skilled) golfers became significantly slower 430 when they were instructed to consciously attend to an aspect of their putting stroke.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%