The Therapeutic Effect and the Potential Mechanism of Flavonoids and Phenolics of Moringa oleifera Lam. Leaves against Hyperuricemia Mice

Abstract

The aim of this study is to evaluate the anti-hyperuricemia effect and clarify the possible mechanisms of flavonoids and phenolics of MOL (MOL-FP) in mice. Hyperuricemia mice were generated via intraperitoneal (i.p.) administration of potassium oxonate (PO) and oral gavage (p.o.) of hypoxanthine (HX). Serum uric acid (UA), weight, serum XO activity, hepatic XO activity, urea nitrogen (BUN), creatinine (CRE), serum AST level, serum ALT level, mRNA expression of renal urate-anion transporter 1 (URAT1), glucose transporter 9 (GLUT9), organic anion transporters 1 (OAT1), organic anion transporters 3 (OAT3), and ATP-binding cassette transporter G2 (ABCG2) were determined. The molecular docking was conducted using AutoDock Vina 1.2.0 to screen potential XO inhibitors in MOL-FP. Serum metabolomics was established to collect the metabolic profiles of mice and explore the metabolic changes that occurred after MOL-FP treatment. MOL-FP could notably reduce the serum UA level of hyperuricemia mice by inhibiting XO activity and regulating renal urate transporters. Molecular docking studies indicated that 5-p-coumaroylquinic acid, 3-p-coumaroylquinic acid, and catechin could be potential XO inhibitors. Besides, MOL-FP prevented the pathological process of hyperuricemia by regulating biomarkers associated with purine metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism.

Screening for Anti-Hyperuricemia Potential of Some Indonesian Medicinal Plants Through Xanthine Oxidase Inhibition in Vitro Assay

“…All tested plant materials contain phenolic and flavonoid groups. Flavonoids or phenolics groups have been reported to inhibit the action of the xanthine oxidase enzyme that converts purines into uric acid [28]. The conversion of hypoxanthine to xanthine by xanthine oxidase and guanase is a process that synthesizes |116 uric acid through the oxidative pathway.…”

“…This assumption is based on research that states that flavonoids and phenolic acid can mainly reduce uric acid levels in the serum of hyperuricemia rats by inhibiting xanthine oxydase activity and regulating urate transporters in the kidney. Flavonoids and phenolic acid prevent the pathological process of hyperuricemia by regulating biomarkers related to purine metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and lipid metabolism [28,30,39].…”

Hesperitin-Copper(II) Complex Regulates the NLRP3 Pathway and Attenuates Hyperuricemia and Renal Inflammation

“…The above results indicated that Hsp also alleviated kidney injury in the HUA mice, but the protective effect of the Hsp-Cu (II) complex was significantly reinforced, while Alp only showed a weaker protective effect on the kidneys. Luo et al [38] also found that the renal protective effect of allopurinol was not as good as that of active ingredients from Moringa Oleifera Lam. leaves.…”