The therapeutic effects of sodium cromoglycate against influenza A virus H5N1 in mice

Abstract

ObjectivesTo identify the protective role of sodium cromoglycate in mice during influenza virus infection.DesignH5N1 virus‐infected mice were treated with the mast cell stabilizer sodium cromoglycate (SCG) to investigate its therapeutic effect.SampleThe nose, trachea and lungs from mice were collected.Main outcome measuresVirus replication and host responses were determined by plaque assay, quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry, and histology.ResultsSCG‐treated mice survived better than did PBS‐treated mice after H5N1 virus infection. Mild pathological changes with fewer inflammatory cell infiltration and fewer virus antigens were observed in the nose, trachea, and lungs of SCG‐treated mice on days 3 and 5 post‐infection. However, no significant changes in viral load in the lungs were detected between SCG‐ and PBS‐treated mice. Furthermore, significantly decreased expression of interleukin‐6, tumor necrosis factor‐a, Toll‐like receptor 3, and TIR‐domain‐containing adapter‐inducing interferon‐b was detected in the lungs of SCG‐treated mice, and no higher expression of interferon‐c was detected.ConclusionThese results suggest that SCG has therapeutic roles in H5N1 virus‐infected mice by alleviating the inflammatory response rather than inhibition of viral replication in the lungs.

Influenza A Viruses Replicate Productively in Mouse Mastocytoma Cells (P815) and Trigger Pro-inflammatory Cytokine and Chemokine Production through TLR3 Signaling Pathway

“…Combined with we previously found that mast cells escalated lung injury could be reduced dramatically by treatment with ketotifen, which is a mast cell degranulation inhibitor (Hu et al, 2012; Han et al, 2016). Thus, considering the critical role of mast cells in IAV infection, this study provides insight for the development of novel strategies to combat influenza infection by targeting mast cells.…”

<p>Pre-Treatment with Zirconia Nanoparticles Reduces Inflammation Induced by the Pathogenic H5N1 Influenza Virus</p>

“…Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA) QPCR and ELISA analyses were conducted as previously described. 38 Briefly, total RNA was extracted from approximately 10 mg of lung or spleen tissue homogenized in TRIzol reagent (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and cDNA was reverse transcribed using the EasyScript First-Strand cDNA Synthesis Super Mix (TransGen Biotech, Beijing, China) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Real-time PCR was performed in triplicate using the Power SYBR ® Green PCR Master Mix kit (Applied Biosystems, Warrington, UK) on an Applied Biosystems 7500 system.…”

Sodium chromo-glycate and palmitoylethanolamide: A possible strategy to treat mast cell-induced lung inflammation in COVID-19

“…It has been shown that SCG can improve the mouse survival and respiratory pathological changes. Although viral replication was not inhibited, SCG could regulate the expressions of IL-6, TNF-α, TLR3, and TRIF to alleviate the pathological injury to the nose, trachea, and lungs by reducing the inflammatory response [16]. Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA) is another molecule that is involved in mast cells homeostasis and therefore could be of interest in the symptomatic treatment of viral pneumonia.…”