The Thermic Effect of Food and Obesity: A Critical Review

Jonee, Lilian de; Bray, George A.

doi:10.1002/j.1550-8528.1997.tb00584.x

Cited by 149 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 85 publications

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“…24 Although the thermogenic effect of food accounts for only a relatively small proportion of daily energy expenditure (3% to 10%), small differences in thermogenic effect of food over longer periods of time may significantly contribute to the development and/or maintenance of obesity. 25 Apart from their direct metabolic effects, 12 ␤-blockers may also have a negative impact on total energy expenditure by increasing feelings of tiredness and decreasing anxiety. Such effects reduce so-called purposeless movement, or "fidgeting."…”

Section: Potential Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothesis: β-Adrenergic Receptor Blockers and Weight Gain

et al. 2001

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Abstract-One of the arguments put forward against the primary use of ␤-blockers has been concern about adverse metabolic effects, such as unfavorable effects on lipids or insulin sensitivity. Another less-appreciated potential drawback is their propensity to cause weight gain in some patients. In 8 evaluable prospective randomized controlled trials that lasted Ն6 months, body weight was higher in the ␤-blocker than in the control group at the end of the study. The median difference in body weight was 1.2 kg (range Ϫ0.4 to 3.5 kg). A regression analysis suggested that ␤-blockers were associated with an initial weight gain during the first few months. Thereafter, no further weight gain compared with controls was apparent. There was no relationship between demographic characteristics and changes in body weight. Based on these observations, the first-line use of ␤-blockers in obese hypertensive patients should be reviewed. Obesity management in overweight hypertensive patients may be more difficult in the face of ␤-blocker treatment. (Hypertension. 2001;37:250-254.)

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Section: Potential Mechanismsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hypothesis: β-Adrenergic Receptor Blockers and Weight Gain

et al. 2001

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“…Furthermore, it is suggested that the thermogenic effect of food is reduced in obese subjects, although the results are inconsistent (for review see De Jonge et al 12 ). A reduction in diet-induced thermogenesis in the obese might be explained by their reduced thermogenic response during SNS stimulation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The effect of an increased free fatty acid concentration on thermogenesis and substrate oxidation in obese and lean men

2001

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OBJECTIVE:To examine whether a certain increase in plasma free fatty acid (FFA) concentration leads to similar increases in lipid oxidation and energy expenditure in obese and lean men. DESIGN: The study protocol consisted of a 30 min baseline period after which subjects received an i.v. bolus of 1000 IE heparin. Then consecutive infusions of 4.9, 9.8 and 19.6 mlakg fat-free mass (FFM) Á min of a lipid heparin mixture were started, each infusion for 30 min. SUBJECTS: Eleven obese and 13 lean men with a mean body mass index (BMI) of 34.2 AE 1.0 ( AE s.e.m.) and 23.9 AE 0.5 kgam 2 and age 46.0 AE 1.0 and 42.6 AE 1.5 y, respectively. MEASUREMENTS: Energy expenditure, respiratory exchange ratio (RER) and carbohydrate and lipid oxidation were continuously measured by indirect calorimetry. At the end of each infusion period, a blood sample was taken for FFA, glycerol, insulin, b-hydroxybutyrate, noradrenaline and adrenaline determination. RESULTS: At baseline, plasma FFA levels were comparable in both groups. Lipid heparin infusion increased plasma FFA concentration by 301 AE 47 mmolal and 332 AE 27 mmolal in obese and lean men. Energy expenditure increased similarly in obese and lean men (0.34 AE 0.08 vs 0.40 AE 0.08 kJamin, NS) during lipid heparin infusion, whereas RER decreased similarly in both groups. Lipid oxidation rates were comparable at baseline and increased similarly in obese and lean men (19 AE 5 vs 13 AE 4 mgamin, NS). Baseline plasma insulin levels were higher in the obese, but did not change during lipid heparin infusion. Plasma b-hydroxybutyrate concentrations were similar at baseline, but increased signi®cantly less in the obese during lipid heparin infusion. Baseline noradrenaline and adrenaline concentrations did not differ signi®cantly between groups. During lipid heparin infusion, plasma noradrenaline levels decreased signi®cantly, but plasma adrenaline levels remained unchanged in both groups. CONCLUSION: A certain increase in plasma FFA concentration leads to similar increases in lipid oxidation and energy expenditure in obese and lean men. The accumulation of fat in obese subjects may therefore be more likely to be due to a defect in adipose tissue lipolysis than a defect in lipid oxidation.

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“…Weight loss is associated with a reduction in energy expenditure that is out of proportion to changes in lean body mass, and it appears to persist indefinitely as long as the reduced weight is maintained (52). The oxygen consumption increased (approximately 50 kcal to 100 kcal over a period of 4 hours to 8 hours) after the ingestion of food is named thermic effect of food (53). There are many factors that can influence it, as meal size, composition meal, physical activity and stands out the insulin resistance.…”

Section: Review Of Body Weight Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are many factors that can influence it, as meal size, composition meal, physical activity and stands out the insulin resistance. In animal models, the association between obesity and decreased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity has consistently been found (53). The normal response (increased oxygen consumption) to a high fat diet is absent in mice without β-adrenergic receptor (53).…”

Section: Review Of Body Weight Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In animal models, the association between obesity and decreased sympathetic nervous system (SNS) activity has consistently been found (53). The normal response (increased oxygen consumption) to a high fat diet is absent in mice without β-adrenergic receptor (53). In humans, it is likely that obese subjects have smaller but potentially important reduction in thermic effect of food from the insulin resistance and attenuated SNS activity (53).…”

Section: Review Of Body Weight Regulationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Determinants of body weight regulation in humans

Moehlecke

Canani

Silva

et al. 2016

Arch. Endocrinol. Metab.

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Body weight is regulated by the ability of hypothalamic neurons to orchestrate behavioral, endocrine and autonomic responses via afferent and efferent pathways to the brainstem and the periphery. Weight maintenance requires a balance between energy intake and energy expenditure. Although several components that participate in energy homeostasis have been identified, there is a need to know in more detail their actions as well as their interactions with environmental and psychosocial factors in the development of human obesity. In this review, we examine the role of systemic mediators such as leptin, ghrelin and insulin, which act in the central nervous system by activating or inhibiting neuropeptide Y, Agouti-related peptide protein, melanocortin, transcript related to cocaine and amphetamine, and others. As a result, modifications in energy homeostasis occur through regulation of appetite and energy expenditure. We also examine compensatory changes in the circulating levels of several peripheral hormones after diet-induced weight loss. Arch Endocrinol Metab. 2016;60(2):152-62

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The Thermic Effect of Food and Obesity: A Critical Review

Cited by 149 publications

References 85 publications

Hypothesis: β-Adrenergic Receptor Blockers and Weight Gain

Hypothesis: β-Adrenergic Receptor Blockers and Weight Gain

The effect of an increased free fatty acid concentration on thermogenesis and substrate oxidation in obese and lean men

Determinants of body weight regulation in humans

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