The Threat of Exotic Plant Pathogens to Agriculture in the United States

Kingsolver, C. H.

doi:10.1094/pd-67-595

Cited by 28 publications

(11 citation statements)

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“…The importance of the disease has increased due to the increased production of soybean and expansion of the crop into new regions (BROMFIELD 1984, SINCLAIR 1989). The disease is not known to occur in the United States, although it has been considered a potential threat of U.S. agriculture (BROMFIELD 1980, KINGSOLVER et al 1983, SINCLAIR 1989. Several studies have been done to assess the potential impact of this disease on soybean production of the United States (BROMFIELD 1980, KINGSOLVER et al 1983, KucHLER et al 1984; however, early assessments were merely qualitative due to the lack of quantitative epidemiological information.…”

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confidence: 99%

A Simulation Model for Assessing Soybean Rust Epidemics

Yang

Dowler

Tschanz

1991

Journal of Phytopathology

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A soybean rust (causal agent Phakopsora pachyrhizt) simulation model was developed for assessing disease epidemics as a part of pest risk analysis. Equations describing environmental effects on disease components were developed by re‐analyzing previous data with a view toward a systems approach. The infection rate was predicted well using dew period and temperature after inoculation as independent variables (R2=0.88, P < 0.0001). The exponential models which used physiological day as an independent variable explained 98% of the variations of latent period and senescence of disease lesions. The simulation model was validated with data from 72 sequential planting experiments during 1980 and 1981 in Taiwan. Time of onset for these epidemics varied from 25—60 days and 50—80 days after planting soybean cultivars TK 5 and G 8587, respectively. The epidemic periods were 75—95 for TK 5 and 100—120 days for G 8587. Variation of epidemics was accurately predicted by the simulator. Predicted disease curves fit well the observed disease curves for the recognized cropping seasons, spring‐ and autumn‐seeded crops. For G 8587, which is very sensitive to photoperiod, the data from spring and autumn gave a better fit compared with data from pre‐summer planting. The model underestimated disease epidemics during the winter, probably because the plant growth model failed to reflect the photoperiod rection of soybean. The simulation model was validated with data from other experiments conducted in three cropping seasons in 1979 and 1980. Determination coefficients of the regression between observed and predicted disease severity were significant.

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confidence: 99%

A Simulation Model for Assessing Soybean Rust Epidemics

Yang

Dowler

Tschanz

1991

Journal of Phytopathology

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“…Man's battle with evolving virulence (Kingsolver et al ., 1983) and hence search for new sources of resistance, especially the resistance genes not available in crop plants, will continue . However, it is well recognized that gene transfer through wide crosses is a long and tedious process, and gene transfer from newly produced wide hybrids could be even more difficult due to lack of homology between wheat and alien chromosomes as these species will be more distant to wheat compared to those already hybridized with wheat.…”

Section: Wide Crosses and Crop Improvementmentioning

confidence: 99%

How wide can a wide cross be?

Sharma

1995

Euphytica

100

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Wide crosses in wheat are reviewed in relation to various factors that facilitate wide crossing to show that wide crosses can be as wide as one can make them . Included in this review is a particular reference to wheat-wheatgrass (Agropyron complex) crosses and an update on wide crosses of wheat with various genera of Agropyron complex . Hybrid seed set is too variable to predict whether a wide hybrid, where no seed was obtained in one attempt, will not be possible. High crossability genes seem to facilitate not only fertilization but also seed development, enabling embryo rescue . Variability for crossability occurs not only in wheat but also in alien species . Contrary to conventional thinking, several wide hybrids with wheat can be produced when species with lower chromosome numbers are used as female parents . Pre-and post-fertilization barriers to wide crosses do not appear to be equally strong, and can be overcome by the development and application of various technologies . Considering these aspects of wide hybridization, and based on recent successes in producing previously unsuccessful and very wide hybrids, it is concluded that how wide cross between plant species can be made is an open question and that many new and wider hybrids can be produced in future.

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“…All the downstream food-related industries can be compromised after such attacks. Since the food supply chain has a global nature, there are numerous target points for deliberately contaminating the food by exotic pathogens Kingsolver et al, 1983). Agricultural resources comprise the foundation of producing food.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%