The Ties That Bind: Peasant Families in Medieval England

Hanawalt, Barbara A.

doi:10.2307/25142920

Cited by 35 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…He argued that Europeans did not develop a concept of childhood until the seventeenth and eighteenth centuries and, before this time, children were not devoted any special time or attention. Although Ariès' (1962) work has been severely criticized (Hanawalt 1986(Hanawalt , 1993Kuefler 1991;Shahar 1990), it is important in illustrating that childhood is a socially and culturally constructed category, a central tenet in childhood social theory (Allison and Prout 1997;Prout 2000b).…”

Section: Childhood Social Theory In Archaeologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bioarchaeological Investigation of Childhood and Social Age: Problems and Prospects

Halcrow

Tayles

2008

J Archaeol Method Theory

125

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Recently, the value of the study of children and childhood from archaeological contexts has become more recognized. Childhood is both a biological and a social phenomenon. However, because of specialization in research fields within anthropology, subadults from the archaeological record are usually studied from the biological perspective (bioarchaeology) or, more predominantly, the social perspective (social archaeology), with little research that incorporates both approaches. These polarized approaches to childhood and age highlight the dualistic way in which "biological" and "social" aspects of the body are viewed. Some recent literature criticizes bioarchaeological approaches, and calls for the incorporation of childhood social theory, including social age categories, into subadult health analysis. However, few studies have explicitly addressed the practicalities or theoretical issues that need to be considered when attempting this. This paper critically examines these issues, including terminology used for defining subadulthood and age divisions within it, and approaches to identify "social age" in past populations. The important contribution that bioarchaeology can make to the study of social aspects of childhood is outlined. Recent theoretical approaches for understanding the body offer exciting opportunities to incorporate skeletal remains into research, and develop a more biologically and socially integrated understanding of childhood and age.

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Section: Childhood Social Theory In Archaeologymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Bioarchaeological Investigation of Childhood and Social Age: Problems and Prospects

Halcrow

Tayles

2008

J Archaeol Method Theory

125

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“…Según ha demostrado Bárbara Hanawalt, muchos casos de los coroners' rolls mencionan montones de estiércol en la calle o envuelven a personas que llevan su estiércol a campo abierto; incluso un padre y su hijo, tras asesinar a la madre, la enterraron bajo el montón de estiércol que había a la puerta de la casa. (85) Igual ocurría en Córdoba, por más que las ordenanzas impusieran sanciones a quienes así se comportaban, como muestran las de 1435 al ordenar que "todos los que echaren estiércol en la calle o bestias muerta o quemaren estiércol en la calle, paguen doze mrs. al almotacén, saluo el día de San Juan Bautista, que es costunbre de quemar e fazer fogueras".…”

Section: <80)unclassified

Las calles de Córdoba en el siglo XV: condiciones de circulación e higiene

Llave¹

1995

medieval

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Desde el siglo XIII el fenómeno urbano se extiende y consolida por toda Europa. A una época caracterizada por el absoluto predominio de las aldeas y de los campos va a suceder otra, de la que aun somos deudores, en que las ciudades se convierten en las protagonistas de la vida humana en Europa Occidental. Y aunque hasta el presente siglo la población residente en ciudades no ha superado a la rural (en pleno siglo XVIII un 80 por 100 de la población europea continuaba viviendo en el campo), lo cierto es que las ciudades cobraron en el curso de los siglos XIV y XV una importancia que no ha dejado de acrecentarse desde entonces.En consonancia con el crecimiento demográfico experimentado por las villas, surgieron durante la Baja Edad Media una amplia serie de problemas urbanísticos a los que las autoridades municipales de la época hubieron de hacer frente en un intento por darles solución. Y aunque esa solución rara vez se consiguió (de hecho, una buena parte de los problemas de infraestructura urbana entonces planteados se mantienen vigentes en nuestros días), la actividad desplegada por los gobiernos municipales dio lugar a la emisión de una gran cantidad de disposiciones que, bajo la forma de ordenanzas o acuerdos capitulares, se conservan en los principales archivos municipales hispanos. A través de ellas es posible examinar cuáles fueron los principales problemas a los que el urbanismo medieval hubo de enfrentarse y cuáles las principales medidas que se tomaron para intentar paliarlos.En Córdoba, esos documentos se tornan especialmente abundantes a partir del reinado de los Reyes Católicos y la actividad desplegada por el municipio en este sentido ha quedado registrada en los libros de actas capitulares del concejo, de los que nos quedan para el siglo XV tan solo los correspondientes a 1479, 1493 y 1495-99. Con la información contenida en esos libros y en algunas ordenanzas de carácter urbanístico hemos estudiado el caso del trazado viario de Córdoba, 125

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“…In crop husbandry regimes, beans were cultivated as both a garden and field crop and the benefits of cultivating beans to improve soil fertility was well-established and clearly recognised by the Medieval period (Gross and Butcher 1995, 109; Pounds 1994, 200;Rippon 2001;Tusser 1580). Moreover, beans were extensively cultivated across north-west Europe in areas of reclaimed marshland owing to their tolerance of brackish soils (Behre 2004;Hanawalt 1986;Rippon 2001;Rippon et al 2014). Despite the importance of this crop in Medieval Europe, the potential role of Celtic bean in prehistoric Britain has not been studied in detail.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Written sources indicate that beans were an important component of Medieval diets in Europe, being particularly valued as a protein-rich food, often amongst poorer populations where it served as a substitute for meat (Hanawalt 1986;Dyer 1989;Pounds 1994;Rippon 2001;Moffett 2006). This is clearly reflected in an extract from a late-fourteenth century document which stated that 'labourers of old were not wont to eat of wheaten bread; their meat was of beans …' (Hanawalt 1986, 55).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 and 2), also referred to as Horse bean, is a member of the Fabaceae family. Celtic bean seeds are small, suboval and rounded in shape, although significant morphological variability exists between seeds and it is possible that sub-varieties were present across prehistoric Europe (Renfrew 1973, 108; Zohary et al 2012, 89-92).Written sources indicate that beans were an important component of Medieval diets in Europe, being particularly valued as a protein-rich food, often amongst poorer populations where it served as a substitute for meat (Hanawalt 1986;Dyer 1989;Pounds 1994;Rippon 2001;Moffett 2006). This is clearly reflected in an extract from a late-fourteenth century document which stated that 'labourers of old were not wont to eat of wheaten bread; their meat was of beans …' (Hanawalt 1986, 55).…”

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Can't find a pulse? Celtic bean (Vicia fabaL.) in British prehistory

Treasure

Church

2016

Environmental Archaeology

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Archaeobotanical research on prehistoric crops in Britain has primarily focussed on cereals and the potential importance of alternative crops, such as pulses, has often been overlooked. This paper reviews evidence for Celtic bean (Vicia faba L.) in British prehistory, using a database of archaeobotanical assemblages from 75 sites. Celtic bean is rare in the Neolithic -Early Bronze Age and it only becomes frequent from the Middle Bronze Age (ca. 1500 cal BC) onwards, particularly in southern England. Though there is a paucity of evidence at many sites, it is suggested that this reflects a preservation bias and in some areas at least, Celtic bean formed an important element of past agricultural systems.Keywords: Pulse, Celtic bean, Prehistoric Britain, Archaeobotany IntroductionWithin the last few decades, knowledge of crops in prehistoric Britain has significantly expanded and benefitted from extensive sampling programmes to recover plant remains. In particular, the expansion of developer-funded archaeology has resulted in the creation of large archaeobotanical datasets (Hall and Kenward 2006). Despite this, archaeobotanical research on prehistoric crops in Britain has primarily focussed on cereals and the potential role of alternative crops has received comparatively little study. There is considerable evidence to indicate that a wide range of crops were cultivated in prehistoric Britain, including oil crops, such as flax, opium poppy and brassicas, and also pulses, such as pea and Celtic bean (Pelling and Campbell 2013, 58). This paper draws upon a large and predominantly untapped archaeobotanical dataset for prehistoric Britain, focussing on evidence for an understudied crop, Celtic bean (Vicia faba L.).Celtic bean (Vicia faba L.) (Figs. 1 and 2), also referred to as Horse bean, is a member of the Fabaceae family. Celtic bean seeds are small, suboval and rounded in shape, although significant morphological variability exists between seeds and it is possible that sub-varieties were present across prehistoric Europe (Renfrew 1973, 108; Zohary et al. 2012, 89-92).Written sources indicate that beans were an important component of Medieval diets in Europe, being particularly valued as a protein-rich food, often amongst poorer populations where it served as a substitute for meat (Hanawalt 1986;Dyer 1989;Pounds 1994;Rippon 2001;Moffett 2006). This is clearly reflected in an extract from a late-fourteenth century document which stated that 'labourers of old were not wont to eat of wheaten bread; their meat was of beans …' (Hanawalt 1986, 55). In addition to human consumption, beans also provided a high quality animal fodder alongside other pulse crops, such as peas (Hamilton and Thomas 2012, 52; Moffett 2006, 53;Rippon 2004). In crop husbandry regimes, beans were cultivated as both a garden and field crop and the benefits of cultivating beans to improve soil fertility was well-established and clearly recognised by the Medieval period (Gross and Butcher 1995, 109; Pounds 1994, 200;Rippon 2001;Tusser 1580). Moreover...

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The Ties That Bind: Peasant Families in Medieval England

Cited by 35 publications

References 0 publications

The Bioarchaeological Investigation of Childhood and Social Age: Problems and Prospects

The Bioarchaeological Investigation of Childhood and Social Age: Problems and Prospects

Las calles de Córdoba en el siglo XV: condiciones de circulación e higiene

Can't find a pulse? Celtic bean (Vicia fabaL.) in British prehistory

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