The Time Course of Conceptual Processing in Three Bilingual Populations

McElree, Brian; Jia, Gisela; Litvak, Annie

doi:10.1006/jmla.1999.2677

Cited by 61 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 65 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…It is only when access is automatic that increases in false memories will occur. Indeed, as already seen, this automaticity in access to bilingual memory comes about with additional exposure and proficiency in both languages (McElree et al, 2000). Because this automaticity is more likely in adults than young children, the associative-activation account, in contrast to FTT, predicts more false memories in between-languages than within-language conditions for adults but not young children.…”

mentioning

confidence: 66%

“…Dufour and Kroll (1995) demonstrated that more fluent bilinguals are equally rapid when categorizing words within and between languages as compared to less fluent bilinguals who demonstrated different categorization speeds depending on the target's language. This has also been confirmed by McElree et al (2000) who examined the speed of processing in balanced and unbalanced bilinguals and determined that access to conceptual information in both languages was highly dependent on exposure and proficiency. This increase in speed of translation may affect rates of true and false memories in the DRM task, where distinctive information may be lost at the cost of L2 automaticity, resulting in more false memories in conditions that require accessing the concept through two distinct forms (dual processing) for bilinguals equally proficient in both languages.…”

mentioning

confidence: 68%

“…Although the revised hierarchical model has been supported in bilingual research (McElree, Jia, & Litvak, 2000;Talamas, Kroll, & Dufour, 1999), others have reported that even novice L2 learners are capable of conceptual mediation in L2 suggesting that semantic information is stored and accessed even by late, low proficiency L2 learners (Altarriba & Mathis, 1997). These findings may suggest an alternate path in the development and organization of bilingual memory, one in which both lexical and conceptual stores, as well as the connections between them, continue to grow as proficiency and exposure increase.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Development of false memories in bilingual children and adults☆

Howe

Gagnon

Thouas

2008

Journal of Memory and Language

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This is the accepted version of the paper.This version of the publication may differ from the final published version. Permanent repository link AbstractThe effects of within-versus between-languages (English-French) study and test on rates of bilingual children's and adults' true and false memories were examined. Children aged 6 through 12 and university-aged adults participated in a standard Deese-Roediger-McDermott false memory task using free recall and recognition. Recall results showed that: (1) both true and false memories increased with age, (2) true recall was higher in within-than between-languages conditions for all ages, and (3) there were fewer false memories in between-languages conditions than within-language conditions for the youngest children, no differences for the 8-and 12-yearolds, and by adulthood, there were more false memories in between-languages than withinlanguage conditions. Recognition results showed that regardless of age, false recognition rates tended to be higher in between-languages than within-language conditions. These findings are discussed in the context of models of false memory development.Keywords: DRM paradigm, false memories, bilingual memory, memory development, children's false memory. Development of False Memories in Bilingual Children and AdultsPast studies using the Deese-Roediger-McDermott (DRM) paradigm (Deese, 1959;Roediger & McDermott, 1995) have demonstrated that young children may be less susceptible to false memories than adults (Brainerd, Reyna, & Forrest, 2002;Howe, 2005Howe, , 2006 Howe, Cicchetti, Toth, & Cerrito, 2004; but see Ghetti, Qin, & Goodman, 2002). Theoretical explanations such as fuzzy-trace theory (FTT) have attempted to account for these findings by suggesting that both verbatim and gist traces are encoded during list presentation (Brainerd & Reyna, 2005). These traces are qualitatively different from each other where the former is concerned with item-specific surface information and the latter with meaning-based information. It is this gist trace that is thought to be responsible for false recall in the DRM paradigm. Although young children are capable of extracting these types of traces, the ability to do so improves with age and cognitive development into later childhood and early adulthood (Brainerd & Reyna, 2005).An alternative, associative-activation model (e.g., Howe, 2005Howe, , 2006, in press) argues that developmental trends in false memories occurs not just because of correlated changes in children's meaning extraction skills (i.e., growth in knowledge base) but also because of increased automaticity in the activation and accessibility of those concepts and associations in the child's knowledge base. These increases in automaticity are brought about by additional exposure and proficiency using these concepts as well as the associations between related concepts. As exposure and proficiency increases, so too does the automaticity of activation of concepts and their associative links, making false memory production more and more ad...

show abstract

mentioning

confidence: 66%

mentioning

confidence: 68%

mentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Development of false memories in bilingual children and adults☆

Howe

Gagnon

Thouas

2008

Journal of Memory and Language

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…However, our results suggest that two different factors must be considered, rather than one: Age of second language learning, as well as level of L2 proficiency, will determine the particular architecture for a given bilingual. Proficiency is also clearly an important factor, as shown in many studies (e.g., McElree, Jia, & Litvak, 2000). We have emphasized the age of second language acquisition, as it seems to provide a parsimonious way to account for the otherwise conflicting semantic priming literature for bilinguals.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 95%

The effect of age of second language acquisition on the representation and processing of second language words

Silverberg

Samuel

2004

Journal of Memory and Language

118

104

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…Another relevant study was published by McElree, Jia, and Litvak (2000). These authors were interested in the speed and accuracy with which Russian-English bilinguals were able to activate semantic information from L1 and L2.…”

Section: Higher Costs Due To Language Switchingmentioning

confidence: 98%

Discussion

Brysbaert¹,

Dumoulin²

2007

NEJP

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

We review the factors that have contributed to an increased use of American textbooks in higher education. These are (1) better knowledge of English as a second language, (2) the fact that English has become the lingua franca in science, (3) the conviction that from a certain proficiency level, learning in a second language is as easy as learning in the mother tongue, (4) the higher quality of American textbooks, and (5) the international mobility of students. We then review the disadvantages of exclusive reliance on American textbooks. They are: (1) the overestimation of L2 proficiency in students, (2) the high language switching costs that occur when studying has to be based on both L2 and L1 information, and (3) the loss of culture-specific information that is needed in later professional life. We end with a plea for more non-American high-quality textbooks so that lecturers have a wider choice, and a thoughtful consideration of the learning objectives when a textbook is selected.

show abstract

The Time Course of Conceptual Processing in Three Bilingual Populations

Cited by 61 publications

References 65 publications

Development of false memories in bilingual children and adults☆

Development of false memories in bilingual children and adults☆

The effect of age of second language acquisition on the representation and processing of second language words

Discussion

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About