The Time Course of Musculotendinous Stiffness Responses Following Different Durations of Passive Stretching

Ryan, Eric D.; Beck, Travis W.; Herda, Trent J.; Hull, Holly R.; Hartman, Michael J.; Costa, Pablo B.; DeFreitas, Jason M.; Stout, Jeffery R.; Cramer, Joel T.

doi:10.2519/jospt.2008.2843

Cited by 154 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(92 reference statements)

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“…In a study examining MTU stiffness 39 over time following SS (constant-torque stretching) at 2, 4, and 8 min, the initial 40 decrease in MTU stiffness dissipated in less than 10 min following a 2 min SS, but after 41 4-and 8-min SS, the effect was maintained for 10 min 14 . We recently reported that 42 decreased MTU and muscle stiffness were maintained for 10 min following a 5-min 43 constant-angle SS session 12 , which is consistent with a prior study 14 showed that the requisite number of subjects for this study was 11 for each group.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Passive Properties of the Gastrocnemius Muscle–Tendon Unit During a 4-Week Routine Static-Stretching Program

Nakamura¹,

Ikezoe²,

Umegaki³

et al. 2017

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

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Context:Static stretching (SS) is commonly performed in a warm-up routine to increase joint range of motion (ROM) and to decrease muscle stiffness. However, the time course of changes in ankle-dorsiflexion (DF) ROM and muscle stiffness during a routine SS program is unclear.Objective:To investigate changes in ankle-DF ROM, passive torque at DF ROM, and muscle stiffness during a routine SS program performed 3 times weekly for 4 wk.Design:A quasi-randomized controlled-trial design.Participants:The subjects comprised 24 male volunteers (age 23.8 ± 2.3 y, height 172.0 ± 4.3 cm, body mass 63.1 ± 4.5 kg) randomly assigned to either a group performing a 4-wk stretching program (SS group) or a control group.Main Outcome Measures:DF ROM, passive torque, and muscle stiffness were measured during passive ankle dorsiflexion in both groups using a dynamometer and ultrasonography once weekly during the 4-wk intervention period.Results:In the SS group, DF ROM and passive torque at DF ROM significantly increased after 2, 3, and 4 wk compared with the initial measurements. Muscle stiffness also decreased significantly after 3 and 4 wk in the SS group. However, there were no significant changes in the control group.Conclusions:Based on these results, the SS program effectively increased DF ROM and decreased muscle stiffness. Furthermore, an SS program of more than 2 wk duration effectively increased DF ROM and changed the stretch tolerance, and an SS program more than 3 wk in duration effectively decreased muscle stiffness.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in Passive Properties of the Gastrocnemius Muscle–Tendon Unit During a 4-Week Routine Static-Stretching Program

Nakamura¹,

Ikezoe²,

Umegaki³

et al. 2017

Journal of Sport Rehabilitation

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“…Para idosos, a indicação é que a duração do alongamento seja maior, entre 30 e 60s. Entretanto, analisando os estudos citados nessa atualização, pode-se observar que as durações adotadas para adultos jovens e idosos estiveram entre 10s e 60s (SIATRAS et al, 2008;MCHUGH;NESSE, 2008;ROBBINS;SCHEUERMANN, 2008;VAREJÃO;DANTAS;MATSUDO, 2007;CHRISTIANSEN, 2008;RYAN et al, 2008;LUSTOSA et al, 2010;MIZUNO et al, 2013;GALLO et al, 2013;AYALA et al, 2015;FREITAS et al, 2016 Para a população idosa, Gallo et al (2013) compararam os efeitos de duas diferentes durações de alongamento estático ativo, 30s e 60s, realizadas com 3 repetições (3x/semana, durante 16 semanas) na funcionalidade de idosas da comunidade. Foram encontradas melhora da ADM, resistência de força muscular, resistência aeróbica e índice de aptidão funcional geral para os grupos que treinaram quando comparados ao grupo controle, mas não se observou diferença entre os grupos 30s e 60s.…”

Section: Duração Do Alongamentounclassified

“…Os efeitos agudos do alongamento muscular são considerados os resultados obtidos de forma imediatamente ou após um curto prazo de tempo do término no exercício, ou seja, quando o exercício promove aumento da extensibilidade do componente viscoelástico da unidade musculotendínea, aumentando a ADM e a tolerância ao alongamento (SAINZ DE BARANDA;AYALA, 2010;KOKKONEN et al, 2007), sendo considerados aqueles que têm duração de segundos (s), minutos (min) e horas (h) após a intervenção ou até uma semana (RYAN et al, 2008;WEPPLER;MAGNUSSON, 2010).…”

Section: Efeitos Agudos E Crônicos Dos Exercícios De Alongamentounclassified

“…Alguns autores estudaram os efeitos agudos do alongamento na resistência passiva ao alongamento e no tempo de duração dos efeitos antes da reversão aos valores iniciais (RYAN et al, 2008;MCHUGH;NESSE, 2008;MCHUGH;COSGRAVE, 2010). McHugh e Nesse (2008) observaram diminuição de 8,3% na resistência passiva após a realização de seis repetições com duração de 90s de alongamento estático, e redução de 9% na resistência após seis repetições de 60s de alongamento estático.…”

Section: Efeitos Agudos Do Alongamento Sobre a Função Musculoesquelétunclassified

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Exercícios De Alongamento: Prescrição E Efeitos Na Função Musculoesquelética De Adultos E Idosos

Gama¹,

Yamanishi²,

Gallo

et al. 2018

Cad. Bras. Ter. Ocup.

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Resumo: Introdução: Exercícios de alongamento são incluídos em programas de treinamento e reabilitação, no sentido de melhorar a flexibilidade de adultos e idosos. No entanto, ainda não há consenso na literatura acerca das recomendações para prescrição do alongamento. Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi apresentar uma atualização das evidências recentes sobre a prescrição e os efeitos musculoesqueléticos dos exercícios de alongamento no adulto e idoso. Método: Foram realizadas buscas de artigos nas principais bases de dados relacionados ao tema, no período de 2006 a 2017, com descritores "muscle stretching exercise"; "long-term effect"; "elderly"; "exercício de alongamento muscular", "efeitos a longo prazo" e "idoso". Resultados: Após a análise, 31 artigos foram incluídos.A literatura mostrou que a duração do alongamento deve ser entre 10s e 30s, por repetição, para o adulto jovem, e de 30s a 60s para o idoso. Com relação aos efeitos agudos, observou-se que, para adultos jovens, durações de alongamento a partir de 60s podem comprometer o desempenho de força muscular, fato que parece não ocorrer com idosos. Os principais efeitos crônicos encontrados para o adulto jovem e idoso foram o incremento da flexibilidade e amplitude de movimento, e para o idoso verificou-se também melhora do torque, equilíbrio, marcha, mobilidade e funcionalidade. A grande variabilidade metodológica dos artigos analisados dificulta o estabelecimento de um consenso. Conclusão: Recomenda-se que o exercício de alongamento seja prescrito considerando as evidências para a população específica, isto é, adulto ou idoso, bem como de acordo com o objetivo a ser atingido. Palavras-chave: Exercícios de Alongamento Muscular, Terapia por Exercício, Sistema Musculoesquelético, AdultoJovem, Idoso. Stretching exercise: prescription and effects on musculoskeletal function in adults and elderly peopleAbstract: Introduction: Stretching exercises have been included in training and rehabilitation programs to improve the flexibility of adults and elderly people. However, there is no consensus in the literature about the recommendations for stretching prescription. Objective: The aim of this study was to present an update of recent evidences about the prescription and the musculoskeletal effects of stretching exercises in adults and elderly. Method: Articles were searched on major databases and related to the period from 2006 to 2017, with the following descriptors: "muscle stretching exercise", "long-term effect", "elderly", "exercício de alongamento muscular", "efeitos a longo prazo"and "idoso". Results: After the analysis, 31 articles were included. The literature showed that the duration of the stretching should be between 10 to 30 seconds, each repetition, for young adults, and from 30 to 60 seconds for the elderly. Regarding acute effects, it was observed that for young adults, stretching durations from 60 seconds may impair muscle strength performance, what does not seem to occur with elderly people. The main chronic effects found for young and elderly...

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“…Viscoelastic materials have an elastic ability, which enables them to store and release energy [44], but they also have a viscous component since their response to tensile force is rate and time-dependent [45]. The viscoelastic variable most evaluated among the studies in this field is passive stiffness, which is the change in passive tension per unit change in muscle length [46]. The literature has demonstrated that decreased passive stiffness may contribute to flexibility improvements after flexibility training [28].…”

Section: The Influence Of Chronic Stretching On Muscle Flexibility Anmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does Stretching Have Long-Term Effects on Muscle Performance? A Clinical Commentary

Medeiros¹,

Martini²

2017

J Yoga Phys Ther

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Flexibility is an essential component of physical fitness. The most common technique used to enhance muscle flexibility is stretching. Even though there is a great amount of evidence showing the benefits of chronic stretching on flexibility, it remains unclear whether such increase in flexibility can affect muscle performance (MP). Most of the studies in this field have concentrated in analyzing the acute effects of stretching on muscle strength. However, the literature is scarce with regard to chronic effects of stretching on MP. The possible mechanisms involved in flexibility enhancement following chronic stretching give an indicative that MP might benefit from adequate flexibility. A decrease in muscle-tendon unit (MTU) stiffness seems to be a key aspect for an increase in performance since it might improve the energy storage capacity within the MTU during activities involving stretch-shortening cycle. In theory, it sounds reasonable, but in practice, the relationship between decreased MTU stiffness and increased performance still needs to be better elucidated. Hence, the purpose of the present clinical commentary is to discuss how increased flexibility provided by chronic stretching might affect MP.

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The Time Course of Musculotendinous Stiffness Responses Following Different Durations of Passive Stretching

Cited by 154 publications

References 43 publications

Changes in Passive Properties of the Gastrocnemius Muscle–Tendon Unit During a 4-Week Routine Static-Stretching Program

Changes in Passive Properties of the Gastrocnemius Muscle–Tendon Unit During a 4-Week Routine Static-Stretching Program

Exercícios De Alongamento: Prescrição E Efeitos Na Função Musculoesquelética De Adultos E Idosos

Does Stretching Have Long-Term Effects on Muscle Performance? A Clinical Commentary

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