The time-course of thermoregulatory responses during treadmill running is associated with running duration-dependent hypothalamic neuronal activation in rats

Interaction between intensity and duration of acute exercise on neuronal activity associated with depression-related behavior in rats

“…The Journal of Physiological Sciences acute exercise duration on the spatial and temporal profiles of neuronal activation in the brain [21][22][23][24], to date, few studies have investigated the effects of acute exercise with controlled exercise parameters such as intensity and duration of exercise on antidepressant properties, including behavioral and neural changes. That is, it remains unclear how exercise intensity and duration of acute physical exercise interact with antidepressant effects.…”

Impaired thermoregulation in spontaneously hypertensive rats during physical exercise is related to reduced hypothalamic neuronal activation

“…Neural projections from these nuclei modulate specific effector responses such as salivation, vasomotion, shivering, brown adipose tissue metabolism, and behavioral thermoregulatory responses, each being controlled by a distinct and independent neural pathway [27,50,60]. POA neurons are also activated by exercise [68], and it has been suggested that this activation induces thermoregulatory adjustments to maintain thermal homeostasis [42]. Thus, during exercise, the POA warming elicits skin vasodilation, which is the major autonomic effector that favors non-evaporative heat loss in rats [26].…”

“…PVN neurons modulate, through projections to the raphe pallidus, the rostral ventrolateral medulla, and the intermediolateral column of the spinal cord, the sympathetic outflow to effector organs involved in thermoregulation, such as the brown adipose tissue, the salivary gland, and the cutaneous vascular tail bed [11,27,39,46,67]. In the context of exercise, the activation of PVN neurons is dependent on the treadmill speed [68], running duration [42], and heat storage [42].…”

“…In this context, we asked the following question: is exercise-induced neuronal activation in brain nuclei controlling thermoregulation modified during exercise in hypertensive rats? It is worth mentioning that increased neuronal activity in thermoregulatory nuclei has been widely described during treadmill running [41,42,45,64,68]; the list of thermoregulatory nuclei activated by exercise includes the medial preoptic area (mPOA), the paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN), and the supraoptic nucleus (SON). However, whether SHRs present altered neuronal activation in pathways modulating thermoeffector activity has not been investigated to our knowledge.…”

Implication of the Central Nucleus of the Amygdala in Cardiovascular Regulation and Limiting Maximum Exercise Performance During High-intensity Exercise in Rats

“…In addition, the PVN is known to be involved in exercise-related central command control of sympathetic nerve activity via both direct and indirect projections to sympathetic preganglionic neurons in the intermediolateral cell column (Michelini and Stern, 2009;Dampney et al, 2018). Interestingly, a previous study showed that c-Fos expression in the PVN increased in proportion to exercise intensity (Lima et al, 2019).…”