The Time Factor in Mining Subsidence

Whetton, J. T.; King, Henry

doi:10.1016/b978-1-4832-8307-4.50040-4

Cited by 6 publications

(2 citation statements)

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“…In the temporal dimension, ground subsidence is not uniform over time. Subsidence of a ground point with respect to time can be described as the inverse S-shaped curve (or, time function curve) [28][29][30]. By making the first derivative of the curve, the subsidence velocity curve of the point can be obtained, as shown in Figure 11, which shows the velocity curve derived from the GNSS-IR based ground subsidence observations during the experimental campaign.…”

Section: Temporal Characteristics Of Ground Subsidence In the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Ground Subsidence Deformation Induced by Underground Coal Mining with GNSS-IR

Tan

et al. 2022

Remote Sensing

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In this paper, GNSS interferometric reflectometry (GNSS-IR) is firstly proposed to estimate ground surface subsidence caused by underground coal mining. Ground subsidence on the main direction of a coal seam is described by using the probability integral model (PIM) with unknown parameters. Based on the laws of reflection in geometric optics, model of GNSS signal-to-noise (SNR) observation for the tilt surface, which results from differential subsidence of ground points, is derived. Semi-cycle SNR observations fitting method is used to determine the phase of the SNR series. Phase variation of the SNR series is used to calculate reflector height of ground specular reflection point. Based on the reflector height and ground tilt angle, an iterative algorithm is proposed to determine coefficients of PIM, and thus subsidence of the ground reflection point. By using the low-cost navigational GNSS receiver and antenna, an experimental campaign was conducted to validate the proposed method. The results show that, when the maximum subsidence is 3076 mm, the maximum relative error of the proposed method-based subsidence estimation is 5.5%. This study also suggests that, based on the proposed method, the navigational GNSS instrument can be treated as a new type of sensor for continuously measuring ground subsidence deformation in a cost-effective way.

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Section: Temporal Characteristics Of Ground Subsidence In the Study Areamentioning

confidence: 99%

Estimation of Ground Subsidence Deformation Induced by Underground Coal Mining with GNSS-IR

Tan

et al. 2022

Remote Sensing

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“…This time in turn is controlled by the depth and the angle of draw (because these factors determine the critical area) as well as by the rate of advance. Typical longwall advance rates are 0.3-1.2 m per day, and "high-speed" longwall face advance in coal is about 1.5 m per day (Whetton and King, 1961;National Coal Board, 1952, 1963. The maximum longwall face advance reported was approximately 5.5 m per day in a bedded quartzite in South Africa (Cook, 1967).…”

Section: Rate Of Advancementioning

confidence: 99%

Subsidence from underground mining; environmental analysis and planning considerations

Lee¹,

Abel²

1983

Circular

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Subsidence, a universal process that occurs in response to the voids created by extracting solids or liquids from beneath the Earth's surface, is controlled by many factors including mining methods, depth of extraction, thickness of deposit, and topography, as well as the in situ properties of the rock mass above the deposit. The impacts of subsidence are potentially severe in terms of damage to surface utility lines and structures, changes in surface-water and groundwater conditions, and effects on vegetation and animals. Although subsidence cannot be eliminated, it can be reduced or controlled in areas where deformation of the ground surface would produce dangerous or costly effects. Subsidence prediction is highly developed in Europe where there are comparatively uniform mining conditions and a long history of field measurements. Much of this mining has been carried out beneath crowded urban and industrial areas where accurate predictions have facilitated use of the surface and reduced undesirable impacts. Concerted efforts to understand subsidence processes in the United States are recent. Empirical methods of subsidence analysis and prediction based on local conditions seem better suited to the current state of knowledge of the varied geologic and topographic conditions in domestic coal mining regions than do theoretical/mathematical approaches. In order to develop broadly applicable subsidence prediction methods and models for the United States, more information is needed on magnitude and timing of ground movements and geologic properties.

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Trait of subsidence under high rate of coal extraction by longwall mining: some inferences

et al. 2021

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The Time Factor in Mining Subsidence

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Estimation of Ground Subsidence Deformation Induced by Underground Coal Mining with GNSS-IR

Estimation of Ground Subsidence Deformation Induced by Underground Coal Mining with GNSS-IR

Subsidence from underground mining; environmental analysis and planning considerations

Trait of subsidence under high rate of coal extraction by longwall mining: some inferences

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