The Timing of Immunization Affects the Development of Diabetes in Rodents

Classen, John Barthelow

doi:10.3109/08916939608995359

Cited by 52 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…One potential mechanism of immunization which may actually lower the risk of IDDM is to give the vaccine starting in the first month of life. This method has been associated with a decreased risk of IDDM in both humans [3,35] and animals [36].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clustering of Cases of IDDM 2 to 4 Years after Hepatitis B Immunization is Consistent with Clustering after Infections and Progression to IDDM in Autoantibody Positive Individuals

Classen¹

2008

TOPEDJ

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Abstract:Background: Previous studies demonstrated clusters of cases of IDDM occurring 24 to 48 months after immunization with the hemophilus, pertussis and combined measles mumps rubella vaccines. Data was analyzed to determine if similar clustering of cases of IDDM occurred after immunization with the hepatitis B vaccine. Methods: Data on the incidence of IDDM from hepatitis B immunized and unimmunized cohorts of children was analyzed for the presence of clusters occurring after hepatitis B immunization. Results: Data from Italy, France, and New Zealand indicated rises in the incidence of IDDM occurred between 24 to 48 months after the introduction of the hepatitis B immunization in young children. Conclusion: Several different vaccines as well as infections with natural mumps virus are followed by clusters of cases of IDDM that occur about 24 to 48 months after immunization. This suggests a similar mechanism of action, possibly the triggering of a progressive autoimmune phenomenon.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Clustering of Cases of IDDM 2 to 4 Years after Hepatitis B Immunization is Consistent with Clustering after Infections and Progression to IDDM in Autoantibody Positive Individuals

Classen¹

2008

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“…Classen 8,9 has suggested that certain vaccines, if given at birth, may decrease the occurrence of diabetes, whereas if initial vaccination is administered after 2 months of age, the occurrence of diabetes increases. The theory is based on results from experiments in laboratory animals, as well as comparisons of the rates of diabetes between countries with different immunization schedules.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Classen and Classen 8,9 have hypothesized that certain vaccines (eg, hepatitis B, BCG), if given at birth, can decrease the risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus, whereas first vaccination at 2 months of life or later can increase the risk of type 1 diabetes. The few studies reported to date, however, have evaluated vaccine exposure without regard to timing.…”

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confidence: 99%

Childhood Vaccinations, Vaccination Timing, and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

et al. 2001

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ABSTRACT. Objectives. To evaluate suggested associations between childhood vaccinations, particularly against hepatitis B and Haemophilus influenzae type b, and risk of developing type 1 diabetes; and to determine whether timing of vaccination influences risk.Methods. We conducted a case-control study within 4 health maintenance organizations (HMOs) that participate in the Vaccine Safety Datalink project of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. Study eligibility was restricted to children who met the following criteria: 1) born during 1988 through 1997; 2) HMO member since birth; 3) continuously enrolled for first 6 months of life; and 4) at least 12 months of HMO membership before diabetes incidence date (or index date for controls) unless incidence date was before 12 months of age. All 4 HMOs maintain registries of their members who have diabetes, and we used the registries to identify potential cases of diabetes. We conducted chart reviews to verify that potential cases met the World Health Organization epidemiologic case definition for type 1 diabetes mellitus (ie, a physician's diagnosis of diabetes plus treatment with daily insulin injections). We defined the incidence date of diabetes as the first date that the child received a diagnosis of diabetes. We attempted to match 3 controls to each case. Controls had the same eligibility criteria as cases and were matched to individual cases on HMO, sex, date of birth (within 7 days), and length of health plan enrollment (up to the incidence or index date). The index date for controls was defined as the incidence date of the case to which the control was matched. Chart abstraction was performed by trained chart abstractors using standardized forms. In addition to complete vaccination histories, the chart abstraction forms for both cases and controls included information on sociodemographic characteristics, selected medical conditions, history of breastfeeding, and family medical history. We used conditional logistic regression to estimate the odds ratio (OR) of diabetes associated with vaccination, with vaccine exposure defined as before the diabetes incidence date (or index date for controls). factors that have been studied, but most studies have not found an increased risk of type 1 diabetes associated with vaccination. [1][2][3][4][5][6][7] Most of the previous studies, however, were conducted before 1990 and do not provide information on many of the currently recommended childhood vaccines. ResultsClassen and Classen 8,9 have hypothesized that certain vaccines (eg, hepatitis B, BCG), if given at birth, can decrease the risk of developing type 1 diabetes mellitus, whereas first vaccination at 2 months of life or later can increase the risk of type 1 diabetes. The few studies reported to date, however, have evaluated vaccine exposure without regard to timing. No controlled epidemiologic studies have been published concerning timing of vaccinations and diabetes risk.Classen 8 has also hypothesized an association of Haemophilus influenzae type b (Hib) v...

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“…Supposedly, any vaccination after 2 months age increases the risk of type 1 diabetes but if practiced in the first month of life, it protects against type 1 diabetes [53,54].…”

Section: Influenza Vaccine and Diabetesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vaccination and autoimmune diseases: is prevention of adverse health effects on the horizon?

et al. 2017

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Autoimmune diseases, including multiple sclerosis and type 1 diabetes mellitus, affect about 5% of the worldwide population. In the last decade, reports have accumulated on various autoimmune disorders, such as idiopathic thrombocytopenia purpura, myopericarditis, primary ovarian failure, and systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), following vaccination. In this review, we discuss the possible underlying mechanisms of autoimmune reactions following vaccinations and review cases of autoimmune diseases that have been correlated with vaccination. Molecular mimicry and bystander activation are reported as possible mechanisms by which vaccines can cause autoimmune reactions. The individuals who might be susceptible to develop these reactions could be especially not only those with previous post-vaccination phenomena and those with allergies but also in individuals who are prone to develop autoimmune diseases, such as those with a family history of autoimmunity or with known autoantibodies, and the genetic predisposed individuals.Further research is encouraged into the direct associations between vaccines and autoimmune conditions, and the biological mechanisms behind them.

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The Timing of Immunization Affects the Development of Diabetes in Rodents

Cited by 52 publications

References 17 publications

Clustering of Cases of IDDM 2 to 4 Years after Hepatitis B Immunization is Consistent with Clustering after Infections and Progression to IDDM in Autoantibody Positive Individuals

Clustering of Cases of IDDM 2 to 4 Years after Hepatitis B Immunization is Consistent with Clustering after Infections and Progression to IDDM in Autoantibody Positive Individuals

Childhood Vaccinations, Vaccination Timing, and Risk of Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus

Vaccination and autoimmune diseases: is prevention of adverse health effects on the horizon?

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