The timing of the S phase and other nuclear events in yeast meiosis

Williamson, D. H.; Johnston, Leland H.; Fennell, Daphne J.; Simchen, Giora

doi:10.1016/s0014-4827(83)80022-6

Cited by 60 publications

(40 citation statements)

References 13 publications

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“…For example, premeiotic S-phase is 1.5-2 times longer than mitotic S-phase (11). However, replication kinetics as measured by neutral/neutral twodimensional gel electrophoresis of 100-kb segment of chromosome III of S. cerevisiae in premeiotic S-phase are similar to those measured in mitotic S-phase (12). Furthermore, the same study showed that DNA replication of chromosome III initiates at the same origins in meiosis and mitosis.…”

mentioning

confidence: 78%

Perturbation of the Activity of Replication Origin by Meiosis-specific Transcription

Mori

Shirahige

2007

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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We have determined the activity of all ARSs on the Saccharomyces cerevisiae chromosome VI as chromosomal replication origins in premeiotic S-phase by neutral/neutral two-dimensional gel electrophoresis. The comparison of origin activity of each origin in mitotic and premeiotic S-phase showed that one of the most efficient origins in mitotic S-phase, ARS605, was completely inhibited in premeiotic S-phase. ARS605 is located within the open reading frame of MSH4 gene that is transcribed specifically during an early stage of meiosis. Systematic analysis of relationships between MSH4 transcription and ARS605 origin activity revealed that transcription of MSH4 inhibited the ARS605 origin activity by removing origin recognition complex from ARS605. Deletion of UME6, a transcription factor responsible for repressing MSH4 during mitotic S-phase, resulted in inactivation of ARS605 in mitosis. Our finding is the first demonstration that the transcriptional regulation on the replication origin activity is related to changes in cell physiology. These results may provide insights into changes in replication origin activity in embryonic cell cycle during early developmental stages.Eukaryotic chromosomes consist of multiple replication units. Each origin of DNA replication is strictly controlled to fire only once in the cell cycle in the fixed sequential order (1, 2). This temporal program for origin firing is utilized for the maintenance of genome integrity through DNA replication checkpoint mechanism (3, 4). It was shown that a checkpoint effector kinase Rad53 repressed firing of late origins when replication was perturbed by hydroxy urea or methyl methane sulfonate. Furthermore, recent genome-wide studies of eukaryotic chromosomal DNA replication using Saccharomyces cerevisiae have provided us with a kinetic map of progression of DNA replication along the chromosome (5, 6). However, these studies were restricted to DNA replication during mitotic cell cycle and little is known about how these multiple replication origins behave under different cell cycle, i.e. meiotic cell cycle.The decision to enter the meiotic cell cycle is made in G 1 phase and this affects the way in which the G 1 /S transition is controlled. In budding yeast (S. cerevisiae), poor nutrient conditions are the cue to embark on the meiotic cell cycle, which culminates in the production of spores (7). The replication of chromosome is the first detectable cytological event in meiosis. The coordinated synthesis of genomic DNA requires multiple levels of regulation and a large number of gene products. Genetic analysis in S. cerevisiae indicates that the replicative machinery used to synthesize DNA in vegetative cells is also required for the duplication of chromosome in meiosis (8 -10).In S. cerevisiae, mitotic S-phase and premeiotic S-phase appear to be differently regulated. For example, premeiotic S-phase is 1.5-2 times longer than mitotic S-phase (11). However, replication kinetics as measured by neutral/neutral twodimensional gel electrophoresis of 100-kb s...

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confidence: 78%

Perturbation of the Activity of Replication Origin by Meiosis-specific Transcription

Mori

Shirahige

2007

Journal of Biological Chemistry

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“…The vigorous movements may allow many pairing combinations to be tried until a proper homologous interaction is found. Even though chromosome movements in maize exhibit similar velocities to chromosome movements in budding yeast, meiotic prophase in maize is several fold-longer (22,29,30), which could be a reflection of the fact that maize chromosomes are much longer than yeast chromosomes and, consequently, require longer time to find their correct pairing partners. Also, colchicine, which stops nuclear motility in maize, has been shown to cause homologous pairing defects in plant meiocytes (31).…”

Section: Diversity Of Meiotic Chromosome Dynamics Patterns Among Specmentioning

confidence: 97%

Live imaging of rapid chromosome movements in meiotic prophase I in maize

Sheehan

Pawlowski

2009

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

110

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The ability of chromosomes to move across the nuclear space is essential for the reorganization of the nucleus that takes place in early meiotic prophase. Chromosome dynamics of prophase I have been studied in budding and fission yeasts, but little is known about this process in higher eukaryotes, where genomes and chromosomes are much larger and meiosis takes a longer time to complete. This knowledge gap has been mainly caused by difficulties in culturing isolated live meiocytes of multicellular eukaryotes. To study the nuclear dynamics during meiotic prophase in maize, we established a system to observe live meiocytes inside intact anthers. We found that maize chromosomes exhibited extremely dynamic and complex motility in zygonema and pachynema. The movement patterns differed dramatically between the two stages. Chromosome movements included rotations of the entire chromatin and movements of individual chromosome segments, which were mostly telomere-led. Chromosome motility was coincident with dynamic deformations of the nuclear envelope. Both, chromosome and nuclear envelope motility depended on actin microfilaments as well as tubulin. The complexity of the nuclear movements implies that several different mechanisms affect chromosome motility in early meiotic prophase in maize. We propose that the vigorous nuclear motility provides a mechanism for homologous loci to find each other during zygonema.chromosome dynamics ͉ cytogenetics ͉ meiosis ͉ cell biology I n early meiotic prophase, the nucleus undergoes a major spatial reorganization, which includes a general repositioning of chromatin and juxtaposition of homologous chromosomes (1). In many species, including maize, the nucleolus is located in the center of the nucleus during leptonema, and at the onset of zygonema, moves to a peripheral position (1, 2). Concurrently with the nucleus migration, all chromosome ends attach to the nuclear envelope (NE) and cluster on a single site forming the ''telomere bouquet'' (3, 4), which has been observed in most plants, animals, and fungi, including budding and fission yeasts, mouse, and maize. The telomeres remain clustered throughout zygonema. When the telomeres are clustered, centromeres are oriented in the opposite direction than the telomeres, resulting in a telomere-centromere polarization of the meiocyte nucleus. The presence of the bouquet coincides with pairing of homologous chromosomes (3, 5). In plants, mammals, and fungi, chromosome pairing depends upon the progression of meiotic recombination (5-7). However, a recombination-driven homology recognition mechanism can only operate across a relatively short distance, probably Ϸ1.2 m (6). In large-genome species, such as maize, where the zygotene nucleus is Ϸ20 m in diameter, this mechanism may not be sufficient to reach across the chromatin mass in the nucleus, even when the chromosomes are brought together by the bouquet (6). These constraints suggest that homologous chromosome segments must first be positioned close to each other, before the homology search...

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“…In budding yeast (SK1 background), mitotic-and meiotic-S phases are about 20 min and 60Y80 min, respectively (Williamson et al 1983, Cha et al 2000. The lengthening of S-phase during meiosis is proposed to reflect the extra time needed for developing additional chromosomal features that are later utilized for meiosis-specific chromosomal metabolism (Holm 1977).…”

Section: Meitoic S-phase Progressionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Meiotic roles of Mec1, a budding yeast homolog of mammalian ATR/ATM

Carballo¹,

Rita²

2007

Chromosome Res

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Budding yeast Mec1, a homolog of mammalian ATR/ATM, is an essential chromosome-based signal transduction protein. Mec1 is a key checkpoint regulator and plays a critical role in the maintenance of genome stability. Mec1 is also required for meiosis; loss of Mec1 functions leads to a number of meiotic defects including reduction in recombination, loss of inter-homolog bias, loss of crossover control, and failure in meiotic progression. Here we review currently available data on meiotic defects associated with loss of Mec1 functions and discuss the possibility that Mec1 may participate as a fundamentally positive player in coordinating and promoting basic meiotic chromosomal processes during normal meiosis.

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The timing of the S phase and other nuclear events in yeast meiosis

Cited by 60 publications

References 13 publications

Perturbation of the Activity of Replication Origin by Meiosis-specific Transcription

Perturbation of the Activity of Replication Origin by Meiosis-specific Transcription

Live imaging of rapid chromosome movements in meiotic prophase I in maize

Meiotic roles of Mec1, a budding yeast homolog of mammalian ATR/ATM

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