The tin-tungsten ore system of Pilok, Thailand

Lehmann, Bernd; Jungyusuk, Nikom; Khositanont, Somboon; Höhndorf, A.; Kuroda, Yoshimasu

doi:10.1016/0743-9547(94)90008-6

Cited by 16 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 10 publications

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“…Secondly, magma, originated from these crustal rocks, including meta-sedimentaryand/or meta-volcanic-rocks, would be in favor of Sn mineralization, however, the mantle sources could also attribute to the Sn mineralization [66]. Thirdly, the low oxygen fugacity melts are essential for Sn mineralization, since Sn tends to be enriched in the residual melt at low oxygen fugacity conditions because of the Sn behavior in melt [59,61,[67][68][69][70].…”

Section: Implications To the Sn Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The fine grained biotite monzogranites, outcropping in the Maozaishan mining area, are characterized by high contents of SiO 2 (69.3-74.7%) and Na 2 O + K 2 O (7.90-8.95%), high Rb/Sr ratios of 2.64-11.0, and high differentiation index (DI) values of 84-90 (total values of six normative minerals, including quartz, orthoclase, albite, nepheline, leucite, and kalsilite), indicating that they belong to the highly fractionated granites [27]. Furthermore, the low log(f O 2 ) values of these granites, ranging from −18.9 to −15.8, indicate that the low oxygen fugacity of the ore-forming related melt in this deposit is in favor of Sn enrichment and mineralization [59,[67][68][69][70]. In addition, these granites have ε Nd (t) values of −6.94 to −5.19, two stages Nd model ages of 1.41-1.37 Ga (T DM2 Nd), ε Hf (t) values of −9.35 to −1.16, and two stages Hf model ages of 1.79-1.28 Ga (T DM2 Hf), which are similar to those of the tin-bearing granites (ε Nd (t) values of −10 to −3, T DM2 Nd of 1.7-1.1Ga, peak ε Hf (t) values of −7 to −3, and peak T DM2 Hf ages of 1.6-1.2 Ga) and differ from those of the tungsten-bearing granites (ε Nd (t) values of −12 to −8, T DM2 (Nd) of 1.9-1.7 Ga, peak ε Hf (t) values of −12 to −8, and peak T DM2 Hf ages of 2.0-1.8 Ga) in the Nanling Range [6,27].…”

Section: Implications To the Sn Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geology and Geochronology of the Maozaishan Sn Deposit, Hunan Province: Constraints from Zircon U–Pb and Muscovite Ar–Ar Dating

Guo

et al. 2019

Minerals

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The Maozaishan Sn deposit, located south of the Dayishan ore field in the Nanling Range, is a newly explored greisen-type Sn deposit. Two muscovite samples from tin-bearing ores yielded 40 Ar/ 39 Ar plateau ages of 154.7 ± 1.1 Ma (Mean standard weighted deviation (MSWD) = 0.48) and152.6 ± 0.7 Ma (MSWD = 0.25), respectively. Zircon U-Pb dating result of fine-grained biotite monzogranite in the Maozaishan mining area shows that these zircon grains can be subdivided into two populations, with ages of 154.2 ± 2.0 Ma (MSWD = 0.51) and 159.6 ± 1.9 Ma (MSWD = 0.09), respectively, indicating that the monzogranite is formed by a multi-stage magmatic event. It is indicated that formation of the Maozaishan Sn deposit is closely related to the Middle Jurassic granitic magmatism. Based on the trace element compositions of zircon grains, the calculated magma temperatures and oxygen fugacity (log(f O 2 )) values range from 638 • C to 754 • C (mean = 704 • C) and from −18.9 to −15.8 (mean = −17.1), respectively. In addition, these intrusive rocks in the Dayishan ore field belong to highly fractionated granites and are characterized by low oxygen fugacity and crust-mantle origin, which are consistent to these tin-bearing granites in the Nanling Range and in favor of the Sn mineralization.

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Section: Implications To the Sn Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Implications To the Sn Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geology and Geochronology of the Maozaishan Sn Deposit, Hunan Province: Constraints from Zircon U–Pb and Muscovite Ar–Ar Dating

Guo

et al. 2019

Minerals

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“…TiO 2 vs a Ta (above) and b Sn (below) for bulk-rock samples from tin granites of the Pilok and Hermyingyi areas, Thailand±Burma border ranges, and from the Ehrenfriedersdorf tin granite, and the Erzgebirge granite reference suite (arithmetic means of a large sample number from Older granites 1±3, Younger granites 1±3, and Zinnwald. Data from Tischendorf (1989), Lehmann et al (1994) and Schneider (1995) Case study on porphyry systems: the Andean convergent margin…”

Section: Ore Environmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

From rocks to ore

Lehmann¹,

Dietrich²,

Wallianos

2000

International Journal of Earth Sciences

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Metal enrichment to ore grade is the ultimate outgrowth of large-scale and long-term fractionation processes of the thermally driven and unique water-cooled geological evolution of the Earth. Silicic magmatism along convergent margins is the most important lithospheric fractionation process for the formation of the continental crust and porphyry/intrusion-related ore deposits. Reconnaissance microanalysis of melt inclusions from Central Andean porphyry systems refines a metallogenic model for copper±gold and tin porphyry mineralization. Magmatic mixing and early exsolution of a fluid phase are important ingredients for porphyry Cu±Au systems in association with silicic rocks of moderate levels of fractionation (such as diorites and monzonites), whereas extended magmatic fractionation with late-stage fluid evolution characterize lithophile-element-enriched tin porphyry systems.

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“…Previous studies have significantly advanced our understanding of tin mineralization in SE Asia (Hosking, 1973;Rajah et al, 1977;Schwartz and Askury, 1990;Lehmann et al, 1994;Linnen and Williams-Jones, 1995;Schwartz et al, 1995).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The vast majority of tin deposits in SE Asia are thought to be temporally and compositionally related to B, Li, F, Cs and Sn-rich granitic rocks (Schwartz et al, 1995;Ng et al, 2017). In view of this, it has been proposed that that the tin is of magmatic origin (Taylor, 1979;Hutchison, 1988b) and that magma evolution exerts a fundamental control in determining whether a granite is tin-fertile (Lehmann and Harmanto, 1990;Lehmann et al, 1994). The factors controlling the tin-fertility of the granites, however, are still understood, and need to be identified to provide a better understanding of tin-bearing granite metallogeny.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Granite-Related Tin Metallogenic Events and Key Controlling Factors in Peninsular Malaysia, Southeast Asia: New Insights from Cassiterite U-Pb Dating and Zircon Geochemistry

Yang

Zhou

et al. 2020

Economic Geology

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Permian-Triassic granites and associated tin deposits are widespread in the Eastern and Western belts of Peninsular Malaysia. The ages and key controlling factors of tin mineralization, however, are poorly constrained. Cassiterite separates from the Sintok and Rahman tin deposits in the Western belt, and Bandi, Setahum, Lembing, and Cherul tin deposits in the Eastern belt have U-Pb ages of 218.9 ± 3.4 and 226.8 ± 7.6 Ma, and 213.1 ± 3.9, 270.6 ± 4.6, 282.7 ± 4.6, and 281.3 ± 3.5 Ma, respectively. These ages directly constrain the tin mineralization in Peninsular Malaysia to two separate periods: 290 to 270 Ma and 230 to 210 Ma. Zircon crystals from tin-bearing granites in the Cherul and Sintok deposits have U-Pb ages of 276.0 ± 1.9 and 221.9 ± 0.6 Ma, respectively, consistent with the cassiterite U-Pb ages within uncertainties. Zircon crystals from barren granites of the Kuantan pluton in the Eastern belt have a U-Pb age of 260.5 ± 0.7 Ma, which is between the two tin mineralization periods. Zircon from these barren granites have εHf(t) values from −5.4 to 3.6, two-stage Hf model ages (TDM2) from 1.4 to 1.0 Ga, and Ce4+/Ce3+ ratios from 40 to 120. By comparison, zircon crystals from the tin-bearing granites have low εHf(t) values (−9.7 to −3.2) and Ce4+/Ce3+ ratios (4–67) and high TDM2 (1.8–1.4 Ga). Zircon ages, Hf isotopes, and trace elements indicate that the tin-bearing granitic magmas in Peninsular Malaysia had relatively low oxygen fugacity and were derived from reworking of Paleo- to Mesoproterozoic sedimentary rock-dominated crust in response to the Paleo-Tethyan subduction and continental collision. This study confirms that the nature of magma sources and redox states of magmas were key in the formation of the tin-rich granites and associated tin deposits and that the granite-related tin mineralization in Peninsular Malaysia was closely related to the evolution of the eastern Paleo-Tethys.

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The tin-tungsten ore system of Pilok, Thailand

Cited by 16 publications

References 10 publications

Geology and Geochronology of the Maozaishan Sn Deposit, Hunan Province: Constraints from Zircon U–Pb and Muscovite Ar–Ar Dating

Geology and Geochronology of the Maozaishan Sn Deposit, Hunan Province: Constraints from Zircon U–Pb and Muscovite Ar–Ar Dating

From rocks to ore

Granite-Related Tin Metallogenic Events and Key Controlling Factors in Peninsular Malaysia, Southeast Asia: New Insights from Cassiterite U-Pb Dating and Zircon Geochemistry

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