The TNF-α -308 Promoter Gene Polymorphism and Chronic HBV Infection

Abstract

Background and Aims. TNF-α -308 allele promoter polymorphism has been known to be a potential prognostic factor in patients with chronic HBV infection. We tried to determine how TNF-α -308 allele promoter polymorphism would affect the prognosis in patients with chronic HBV infection. Methods. We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE, and reference lists of relevant review articles related to the association between “TNF-α G-308A promoter polymorphism” with “chronic HBV infection”. We only focused on searching -308 locus in published studies. We reviewed 21 original articles about TNF-α -308 allele polymorphism and its effect on prognosis in patients with chronic HBV infection and discussed the results. Results. conflicting results were observed. The results were divided into 3 groups including neutral, negative, and positive associations between TNF-α -308 allele polymorphism and prognosis in patients with chronic HBV infection. We summarized the primary data as a table. Conclusions. Authors concluded that although there is an upward trend in evidence to claim that there is a positive relation between TNF-α G-308A promoter polymorphisms and resolution of chronic HBV infection, due to many biases and limitations observed in reviewed studies, an organized well-designed study is needed for clarifying the real association.

Clinical Feature of Intrahepatic B-Lymphocytes in Chronic Hepatitis B

“…Moreover, it has been shown that the activation of B-cells, in a T-cell independent pathway, produced immunoglobulins and cytokines in the liver that changed fibrotic responses [11, 16]. Our recent study showed the association of IgD positive B-cells with the fibrosis stage in chronic hepatitis B [17].…”

The Possible Role of TLR2 in Chronic Hepatitis B Patients with Precore Mutation

“…Overactivation of TLRs plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of a variety of acute and chronic inflammatory conditions [13]. A previous study reports that the HBeAg downregulates antiviral defenses of the host [15] and, in the absence of HBeAg, HBV replication is associated with upregulation of the TLR2 pathway, resulting in increased TNF- α production [16–19]. A wide range of microbial and viral components as well as several endogenous TLR ligands are recognized by TLR2 [14].…”

Association between cytokine gene polymorphisms and outcome of hepatitis B virus infection in southern Brazil

“…In this context, the host genetic characteristics associated with ethnicity should be taken into consideration because they may lead to conflicting results when comparing the effects of cytokine gene polymorphisms in populations from different regions of the world [Xia et al, ; Tayebi and Mohamadkhani, ]. As most studies have been conducted in Asia, it is noteworthy that their conclusions are not necessarily valid for any country, especially those of the Western hemisphere.…”

“…Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium was tested for each locus using Markov chain as implemented in Arlequin software version 3.5 [Excoffier and Lischer, ]. Dominant and recessive genetic models were assumed based on previous studies of phenotype effects [Nakayama et al, ; Barrett et al, ; Christensen et al, ; Tayebi and Mohamadkhani, ; Li et al, ]. Haplotype frequencies were estimated using the MLOCUS computer program [Long et al, ].…”