The Topography of the Bacterial Cell Wall

Glauert, Audrey M.; Thornley, Margaret J.

doi:10.1146/annurev.mi.23.100169.001111

Cited by 280 publications

(135 citation statements)

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“…It is already apparent from these studies that the cell-free blebs contain endotoxin (Table II). The origin of these blebs at the outer membrane layer of the cell wall is particularly significant, as it is this layer which has been designated in several Gramnegative bacteria as the site of endotoxin in the cell (5,8,9,13). It is interesting to speculate that a mechanism such as we have described here for cells grown in vitro may also operate in vivo.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

RELEASE OF ENDOTOXIN IN THE FORM OF CELL WALL BLEBS DURING IN VITRO GROWTH OF NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS

DeVoe

Gilchrist

1973

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

281

154

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Multiple cell wall blebs were observed on the surface of three strains of N. meningitidis taken from log phase cultures. The blebs originated as evaginations of the outer layer of the cell wall. Bleb production was noted on both defined or complex media either as broth or a solid medium. The addition of 10% normal bovine serum to the various media did not affect the production and release of these surface blebs. However, as broth cultures progressed into the stationary phase of growth, the blebs disappeared from the surface of the cells. Blebs were present in substantial quantities in culture supernatant fluids and on cell surfaces and were readily isolated by ultracentrifugation. Analysis for 2-keto-3-deoxyoctonate in cultures revealed that 18% of the total endotoxin of log phase cultures was present in blebs from the cell wall.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

RELEASE OF ENDOTOXIN IN THE FORM OF CELL WALL BLEBS DURING IN VITRO GROWTH OF NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS

DeVoe

Gilchrist

1973

The Journal of Experimental Medicine

281

154

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“…All strains of H . piscium stuhed, includmg the type strain, had a cell wall structure of the gram-negative type (9). This was also true for one of the H .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 69%

“…The composition of the cell wall, which determines the Gram reaction of a bacterium, is dependent, however, on the environment in which the organism is growing (3, 15, 24), and uncertainty about the Gram reaction may sometimes arise, especially when the bacteria are grown under suboptimal conditions. It is recognized that, in such doubtful cases, the pattern of cell wall ultrastructure is a better guide for the purpose of classification than the Gram stain itself (9,14).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Cell Wall Ultrastructure of Strains of Haemophilus ducreyi and Haemophilus piscium

Kilian¹,

Theilade²

1975

International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology

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“…The cell wall of Aeromonas salmonicida is composed of 4 morphologically defined structures: the cytoplasmic membrane, the peptidoglycan layer, the outer membrane and an exterior layer, termed the surface layer (S-layer) (Glauert & Thornley 1969). This S-layer is composed of identical protein subunits of the VapA protein having the ability to self-assemble into a 2-dimensional crystalline array which completely covers the cell surface during all stages of growth and division (Beveridge et al 1997, Sleytr & Beveridge 1999, Sara & Sleytr 2000.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of the major outer membrane proteins of Aeromonas salmonicida

Ebanks¹,

Goguen²,

McKinnon³

et al. 2005

Dis. Aquat. Org.

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Aeromonas salmonicida subsp. salmonicida is a Gram-negative bacterium that is the etiological agent of furunculosis, a serious infectious disease of salmonids. Aeromonas spp. are ubiquitous waterborne bacteria responsible for a wide spectrum of diseases among aquatic organisms and humans. Bacterial outer membrane proteins (OMPs) play a significant role in virulence as they comprise the outermost surface in contact with host cells and immune defense factors. To identify the major OMPs of A. salmonicida a proteomic analysis was undertaken using a carbonate OMP-enrichment protocol. The enriched OMP-extracts were separated by 2-dimensional electrophoresis (2-DE) and the spots identified using liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry/mass spectrometry (LC/MS/MS) via an electrospray ionization source. In total, 76 unique proteins were identified from the 125 spots observed on the 2-D gel. The surface layer (S-layer) VapA protein dominated the A. salmonicida OMP 2-D profile, accounting for 60% of the protein on the 2-D gels. Among the other outer membrane proteins identified were at least 10 porins and various receptors involved in nutrient acquisition. Also identified in the carbonate insoluble fraction were phosphoglycerate kinase, enolase and others that lacked classical export sorting signals. The putative association of these proteins with the cell surface might provide new insights concerning the biological and pathogenic roles of these molecules in A. salmonicida infection. This work represents the first systematic attempt to characterize the cell surface of A. salmonicida.

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The Topography of the Bacterial Cell Wall

Cited by 280 publications

References 1 publication

RELEASE OF ENDOTOXIN IN THE FORM OF CELL WALL BLEBS DURING IN VITRO GROWTH OF NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS

RELEASE OF ENDOTOXIN IN THE FORM OF CELL WALL BLEBS DURING IN VITRO GROWTH OF NEISSERIA MENINGITIDIS

Cell Wall Ultrastructure of Strains of Haemophilus ducreyi and Haemophilus piscium

Identification of the major outer membrane proteins of Aeromonas salmonicida

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