“…The topology determines how the agents interact with each other, and how data and knowledge are shared and communicated among the agents. In [20], the authors studied three major MAS topology models according to the criteria: (1) the ways of activation, supervision, and communication between the agents; (2) the dependency of the agents to complete a task; and (3) the ways of sharing data, knowledge, and other resources. These models are shown in Figs.…”