The Total Lung Volume and its Subdivisions. A Study in Physiological Norms: I. Basic Data

Whitfield, A. G. W.; Waterhouse, J. A. H.; Arnott, W. Melville

doi:10.1136/jech.4.1.1

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…for inspiratory capacity, expiratory reserve and residual volumes, respectively. Lung volume studies of normal adults using the open-circuit method (28) or various modifications of the closed-circuit method (9,22,(25)(26)(27)(32)(33)(34) cannot be compared with our data for boys because of the effect of age upon the various subdivisions and because in most cases the tests were conducted in the sitting posture (22,(27)(28)(29).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Lung Volume and Its Subdivisions in Normal Boys 10-17 Years of Age 1

Morse¹,

Schlutz²,

Cassels³

1952

J. Clin. Invest.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

The Lung Volume and Its Subdivisions in Normal Boys 10-17 Years of Age 1

Morse¹,

Schlutz²,

Cassels³

1952

J. Clin. Invest.

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“…The mean weight of middle lobes obtained from women was 63 per cent of that from men. Physiological studies (12,13) material reported here as elastin. Thus the lung elastin residues were found to enter solution on exposure to elastase.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 95%

Studies on the Collagen and Elastin Content of the Human Lung*†

Pierce¹,

Hocott²

1960

J. Clin. Invest.

114

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“…Since the values for residual volume used in the calculation of DL were measured in the sitting position, the significance of the changes in DL depends on the constancy of the residual volume with changes in position. Therefore, the original calculations of DL have been 'corrected' assuming a 20 per cent decrease in residual volume on changing from a sitting to a standing position and a 30 per cent increase on changing from a sitting to a supine position, the largest changes in residual volume reported in the literature (20,21). When the corrections were applied, DL was still found to be greater in the supine than in the sitting position in six out of seven subjects, but there was no longer a significant alteration on changing from sitting to standing.…”

Section: Position Of the Bodymentioning

confidence: 99%

A Standardized Breath Holding Technique for the Clinical Measurement of the Diffusing Capacity of the Lung for Carbon Monoxide 1

Ogilvie¹,

Forster²,

Blakemore³

et al. 1957

J. Clin. Invest.

1,089

377

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Previous publications from this laboratory have described (1, 2) a modification of the Krogh breath holding technique for measuring the pulmonary diffusing capacity for carbon monoxide (DL).6 This test can be performed quickly and simply and does not require arterial blood analyses. It has recently (2) been shown to provide an index of pulmonary diffusing capacity similar to that given by the DLo2 method of Lilienthal, Riley, Proemmel, and Franke (3) and the "steady state" method of Filley, MacIntosh, and Wright (4). 6 Since the combination of CO with intracellular hemoglobin occurs at a rate that offers an appreciable, and under some conditions the major, part of the resistance to the uptake of CO in the lungs (5, 6) it is desirable to distinguish between the "true" diffusing capacity, or that of the pulmonary capillary membrane alone (D.), and the apparent diffusing capacity of the whole lung (DL). These are related by the equation 1/DL = I/D. + I/)Vc where j is the rate of combination of CO with intracorpuscular hemoglobin in ml. per min. per mm. Hg CO tension per ml. blood, and Vo is the volume of blood in the pulmonary capillaries at any instant. 0 decreases as 0 tension increases (7), causing DL to decrease, since D.and Ve are presumably relatively independent of alveolar 0, tension (8). Normally a further subscript of CO or Q, would be used to indicate the gas to which the measurement applies. However, in this article, which is mainly concerned with CO, the subscript is omitted and can be assumed to be "CO" unless otherwise stated. normal values of DL as well as values in patients with various chest diseases. METHODSThe technique for the measurement of DL, which has been reported be'fore (1, 2), consists essentially of having the subject make a maximal inspiration of a gas mixture containing 10 per cent helium (He), 0.3 per cent CO and approximately 21 per cent 02 in N2 from the level of his residual volume, hold it for a measured time, and then rapidly expire. All of this expiration except the first liter is collected in a bag by the operator and analyzed as alveolar gas. The CO concentration which was present in this sample before any CO The apparatus used for the test is illustrated in Figure 1. It differs from that reported previously (1, 2) mainly in its greater simplicity; in these previous communications the expired alveolar He and/or CO concentrations were measured at the mouth by recording analytical instruments. The circuit is closed, permitting inspiration from the bag of the Donald-Christie apparatus and expiration into the space around the bag, a spirometer recording the change in respiratory volumes. Tap (A) is used by the operator for collecting the expired alveolar sample. Since the gas mixture is inspired from the level

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The Total Lung Volume and its Subdivisions. A Study in Physiological Norms: I. Basic Data

Cited by 20 publications

References 12 publications

The Lung Volume and Its Subdivisions in Normal Boys 10-17 Years of Age 1

The Lung Volume and Its Subdivisions in Normal Boys 10-17 Years of Age 1

Studies on the Collagen and Elastin Content of the Human Lung*†

A Standardized Breath Holding Technique for the Clinical Measurement of the Diffusing Capacity of the Lung for Carbon Monoxide 1

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