The toxicity and effectiveness of nanoemulsion formulas from Piper retrofractum essential oil against brown plant hopper (Nilaparvata lugens Stål)

Abstract

Secondary metabolite compounds of plants have a role as a self-defence against herbivores and pathogens attacks. The objective of research was to study the toxicity, persistence, and effectiveness of extracts and essential oils of Piper retrofractum against brown plant hopper (BPH). Plant extracts were obtained through maceration method using ethyl acetate solvent for P. retrofractum fruit and essential oils obtained by distillation. Extract toxicity testing uses the contact application method. Polo PC program was used to estimate the LC50 and LC95 value. The results showed that essential oil nanoemulsion from P. retrofractum was the most toxic against BPH nymphs compared to other treatments. The toxicity values from nanoemulsion of essential oils, maceration extracts, and non-nano formula from P. retrofractum extracts 0.19, 0.26, and 0.81 percent respectively. The persistence of the three formulas to BPH nymphs seen starting from one day after the application the average mortality decreased to less than 45 percent. The effectiveness showed that the nanoemulsion from extract and essential oil of P. retrofractum were the most effective use to control BPH nymphs in the green house. The results indicated that extracts and essential oils nanoemulsion of P. retrofractum is the most promising as a botanical insecticide to BPH.

Activity of nanoemulsion botanical insecticides from Myristica fragrans and Jatropha curcas essential oil against Sitophilus zeamais

“…Both J. curcas and M. fragrans essential oils were transformed into a nanoemulsion formula using a modified low-energy emulsification technique through the phase inversion method, as described by Nuryanti et al (2020). The emulsification process involved the gradual addition of distilled water phase drop by drop into the essentioal oil + Polysorbate phase at a controlled rate of 4 ml per minute.…”

Preliminary Valuation Activity of Calotropis gigantea L. Extracts against Several Insect Pests

“…Extracts of Daphne mucronata (Thymelaeaceae), Tagetes minuta (Asteraceae), C. procera (Apocynaceae), Boenninghausenia albiflora (Rutaceae), Eucalyptus sideroxylon (Myrtaceae), Cinnamomum camphora (Lauraceae), and Isodon rugosus (Lamiaceae) resulted in different activity against several insect pests species, including pea aphids (Acyrthosiphon pisum) (Hemiptera), fruit flies (Drosophila melanogaster) (Diptera), red flour beetles (Tribolium castaneum) (Coleoptera), and armyworms (Spodoptera exigua)(Lepidoptera) (Khan et al, 2017). Among extracts of Piper retrofractum (Piperaceae), P. crocatum (Piperaceae), Chromolaena odorata (Asteraceae), Tagetes erecta (Asteraceae), Tithonia diversifolia (Asteraceae), and Ageratum conyzoides (Asteraceae), P. retrofractrum extract exhibited the highest mortality compared to the other extracts against Nilaparvata lugens (Nuryanti et al, 2018). Other research results showed that extracts of Citrullus colocynthis (Cucurbitaceae), Cannabis indica (Cannabaceae), and Artemisia argyi (Asteraceae) produced different insecticidal activities and C. colocynthis showed higher insecticidal properties against cabbage aphid (Brevicoryne brassicae) (Ahmed et al, 2020) Recent research used several species of insects from different orders including (Bactrocera carambolae [Diptera: Bactrocera], Nilapavata lugens [Hemiptera: Delphacidae], Sitophilus zeamais [Coleoptera: Curculionidae] dan Plutella xylostella [Lepidoptera: Plutellidae]).…”