The toxicity of acute exposure to T-2 toxin evaluated by the metabonomics technique

Wan, Qianfen; Wu, Guangyao; He, Q.; Tang, Huiru; Wang, Yulan

doi:10.1039/c4mb00622d

Cited by 45 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 53 publications

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“…Since T-2 toxin can bind to different proteins, it decreases the activity of various enzymes, such as succinate dehydrogenase which plays a crucial role in essential catabolic pathways of the cells. This results in cellular energy deficiency by decreasing the rate of the citric acid cycle and by consequently that of the respiratory chain [27,28].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Effects of T-2 Toxin on Primary Hepatic Cell Culture Models of Chickens

Mackei

Orbán

Molnár

et al. 2020

Toxins

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Trichothecene mycotoxins such as T-2 toxin cause severe problems for agriculture, as well as for veterinary medicine. As liver is one of the key organs in metabolism, the main aim of our study was to investigate the immunomodulatory and cytotoxic effects of T-2 toxin, using primary hepatocyte mono-culture and hepatocyte—nonparenchymal cell (predominantly Kupffer cell) co-culture models of chicken. Cultures were exposed to 10 (T10 group), 100 (T100 group) and 1000 (T1000 group) nmol/L T-2 toxin treatment for 8 or 24 h. Alterations of cellular metabolic activity, the production of reactive oxygen species (extracellular H2O2), heat shock protein 70 (HSP70), and the concentration of different inflammatory cytokines such as interleukin (IL-)6 and IL-8 were investigated. Metabolic activity was intensely decreased by T-2 toxin administration in all of the cell culture models, in every applied concentration and incubation time. Concentrations of HSP70 and IL-8 were significantly increased in hepatocyte mono-cultures exposed to higher T-2 toxin levels (both in T100 and T1000 groups for HSP70 and in T1000 group for IL-8, respectively) compared to controls after 24 h incubation. Similarly, IL-6 levels were also significantly elevated in the T100 and T1000 groups in both of mono- and co-cultures, but only after 8 h of incubation time. In spite of the general harmful effects of T-2 toxin treatment, no significant differences were observed on reactive oxygen species production. Furthermore, the two cell culture models showed different levels of H2O2, HSP70, and IL-8 concentrations independently of T-2 toxin supplementation. In conclusion, the established primary cell cultures derived from chicken proved to be proper models to study the specific molecular effects caused by T-2 toxin. Metabolic activity and immune status of the different examined cell cultures were intensively affected; however, no changes were found in H2O2 levels.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cellular Effects of T-2 Toxin on Primary Hepatic Cell Culture Models of Chickens

Mackei

Orbán

Molnár

et al. 2020

Toxins

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“…The T-2 toxin also helps in inducing cytotoxicity and damage in mouse immature Leydig cells (TM3) [25]. The metabolic pathways are also altered in different organs, such as the spleen, thymus, stomach and liver in Wistar rats after T-2 toxin exposure [26]. The increased elevation of glutathione disulfide and 3-hydroxybutyrate suggest that the T-2 toxin promotes an anti-oxidative response in organ systems and helps with free radical generation.…”

Section: Toxicity Of the T-2 Toxinmentioning

confidence: 99%

T-2 mycotoxin: toxicological effects and decontamination strategies

et al. 2017

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Mycotoxins are highly diverse secondary metabolites produced in nature by a wide variety of fungus which causes food contamination, resulting in mycotoxicosis in animals and humans. In particular, trichothecenes mycotoxin produced by genus fusarium is agriculturally more important worldwide due to the potential health hazards they pose. It is mainly metabolized and eliminated after ingestion, yielding more than 20 metabolites with the hydroxy trichothecenes-2 toxin being the major metabolite. Trichothecene is hazardously intoxicating due to their additional potential to be topically absorbed, and their metabolites affect the gastrointestinal tract, skin, kidney, liver, and immune and hematopoietic progenitor cellular systems. Sensitivity to this type of toxin varying from dairy cattle to pigs, with the most sensitive endpoints being neural, reproductive, immunological and hematological effects. The mechanism of action mainly consists of the inhibition of protein synthesis and oxidative damage to cells followed by the disruption of nucleic acid synthesis and ensuing apoptosis. In this review, the possible hazards, historical significance, toxicokinetics, and the genotoxic and cytotoxic effects along with regulatory guidelines and recommendations pertaining to the trichothecene mycotoxin are discussed. Furthermore, various techniques utilized for toxin determination, pathophysiology, prophylaxis and treatment using herbal antioxidant compounds and regulatory guidelines and recommendations are reviewed. The prospects of the trichothecene as potential hazardous agents, decontamination strategies and future perspectives along with plausible therapeutic uses are comprehensively described.

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“…Metabolomics can be efficiently utilized to clarify several simultaneous effects in a single examination, and can identify temporal variation in the metabolic responses of living organisms to physiological and pathological stress conditions [ 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Although several studies have investigated the toxicity of acute exposure to ZEN or other kinds of mycotoxins in laboratory animals, only a few have obtained data from cattle urine samples, from which chronic contamination with ZEN and STC were identified.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Metabolite Profiling of Japanese Black Cattle Naturally Contaminated with Zearalenone and Sterigmatocystin

Toda

Kokushi

Uno

et al. 2017

Toxins

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The objective of this study was to evaluate the metabolic profile of cattle fed with or without zearalenone (ZEN) and sterigmatocystin (STC)-contaminated diets using a gas chromatography-mass spectrometry metabolomics approach. Urinary samples were collected from individual animals (n = 6 per herd) from fattening female Japanese Black (JB) cattle herds (23 months old, 550–600 kg). Herd 1 had persistently high urinary ZEN and STC concentrations due to the presence of contaminated rice straw. Herd 2, the second female JB fattening herd (23 months old, 550–600 kg), received the same dietary feed as Herd 1, with non-contaminated rice straw. Urine samples were collected from Herd 1, two weeks after the contaminated rice straw was replaced with uncontaminated rice straw (Herd 1N). Identified metabolites were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA) and ANOVA. The PCA revealed that the effects on cattle metabolites depended on ZEN and STC concentrations. The contamination of cattle feed with multiple mycotoxins may alter systemic metabolic processes, including metabolites associated with ATP generation, amino acids, glycine-conjugates, organic acids, and purine bases. The results obtained from Herd 1N indicate that a two-week remedy period was not sufficient to improve the levels of urinary metabolites, suggesting that chronic contamination with mycotoxins may have long-term harmful effects on the systemic metabolism of cattle.

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The toxicity of acute exposure to T-2 toxin evaluated by the metabonomics technique

Cited by 45 publications

References 53 publications

Cellular Effects of T-2 Toxin on Primary Hepatic Cell Culture Models of Chickens

Cellular Effects of T-2 Toxin on Primary Hepatic Cell Culture Models of Chickens

T-2 mycotoxin: toxicological effects and decontamination strategies

Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry for Metabolite Profiling of Japanese Black Cattle Naturally Contaminated with Zearalenone and Sterigmatocystin

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