The toxicity of cooking oil fumes on human bronchial epithelial cells through ROS‐mediated MAPK, NF‐κB signaling pathways and NLRP3 inflammasome

Abstract

Cooking oil fumes (COFs) are main pollutants in kitchen and indoor air, which threaten human health.Exposure to COFs can cause respiratory diseases and impair pulmonary function. To investigate the toxicity of COFs on human bronchial epithelial cells (Beas-2B) and explore the underlying mechanisms, MTT assay was conducted to detect the viability of Beas-2B. Intracellular reactive oxygen species (ROS) levels and nitric oxide (NO) levels were determined with DCFH-DA assay and DAF-FM assay. The expression of genes involved in in ammation were measured with quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR).The phosphorylation and the expression of proteins related to Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), NF-κB signaling pathways were measured with western blot. Our results revealed that COFs decreased Beas-2B cells viability, increased the ROS levels and NO levels in cells and induced apoptosis in Beas-2B cells. The results of qRT-PCR and western blot showed that the expression of NLRP3, p65, iNOS, IL-1β, and the factors related to oxidative stress and in ammation increased, NF-κB signaling pathway and MAPK signaling pathway were activated. This study provided some useful information to alleviate the toxicity of COFs and revealed the possible mechanism for the damage on respiratory system induced by COFs. et al. 2015;Wang et al. 2018).COFs pollution produced by cooking usually includes ketones, aldehydes, hydrocarbons, fatty acids, alcohols, aromatic compounds, esters, heterocycles, and lactones is a serious health risk in china due to the cooking manners (Ding et al. 2020;Lee and Gany 2013). In China alone, the number of people exposed to COFs in 2018 has reached to 240 million and most of whom were middle-aged women . Women exposed to COFs are at higher risk for chronic bronchitis, for pregnant women, such exposure can also affect the fetus and increase the risks of adverse birth outcomes (Hou et al. 2018;Vavalà et al. 2014;Zhu et al. 2019). Studies have shown that exposure to COFs increased the risk of respiratory diseases, such as airway infection, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, tuberculosis and

Asymmetric Dimethylarginine Protects Neurons from Oxygen Glucose Deprivation Insult by Modulating Connexin-36 Expression

“…Intracellular NO was detected using the fluorescent probe DAF-FM DA [ 26 ]. DAF-FM DA penetrates the cell membrane and is converted to DAF-FM by intracellular esterases, which cannot penetrate the cell membrane.…”

Diverse Metabolic Effects of Cooking Oil Fume from Four Edible Oils on Human BEAS-2B Cells: Implications for Health Guidelines

“…Numerous studies have extensively documented the toxicological impact of COF on human cells. − Nevertheless, there exists a paucity of literature concerning the real-time toxicity and metabolic effects of COF on human cells. In our current study, we found a significant correlation between the total number of identified substances and the number of identified unique substances in the COFs emitted during the heating of each oil.…”

Multifunctional photodynamic/photothermal nano-agents for the treatment of oral leukoplakia

“…Based on the efficient ROS generation ability in solution, we used the 2ʹ,7ʹ-dichlorofuorescin diacetate (DCFH-DA) probe to test the intracellular ROS generation in different groups and analyzed by CLSM and Image J [ 40 ]. DCFH-DA has no fluorescence, but it can be rapidly converted into fluorescent 20, 70-dichlorofluorescein by ROS [ 41 ]. As shown in Fig.…”