The Toxicity of Fenitrothion and Permethrin

Wang, Dong; Naito, Hisao; Nakajima, Tamie

doi:10.5772/27884

Cited by 11 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The LD 50 for honeybees is defined by the amount of a pesticide which are individually forced to take and kills half of the honeybees within a limited time. The various values of the LD 50 for fenitrothion have been reported by US-EPA (1995) (20 ng/bee for contact; 380 ng/bee for contact), Wang et al (2012) (30 - 40 ng/bee for contact), Takeuchi et al (1980) (130 ng/bee for contact), Okada and Hoshiba (1970) (30 ng/bee for contact), NUFARMNZ (2012) (18 ng/bee), University of Hertfordshire (2013) (160 ng/bee for contact) and Sanford (2003) (176 ng/bee for contact) and WHO (2010) (200 ng/bee for acute oral; 160 ng/bee for acute contact). The various values for dinotefuran also have been reported by US-EPA (2004) (23 ng/bee for acute oral; 47 ng/bee for contact; 32 ng/bee for acute oral; 61 ng/bee for contact; 7.6 ng/bee for acute oral; 24 ng/bee for contact), Iwasa et al (2004) (75 ng/bee for contact) and Durkin (2009) (47 ng/bee for acute contact).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Long-term field experiment on the impacts of the neonicotinoid dinotefuran and the organophosphate fenitrothion on a honeybee colony

Yamada

2015

Preprint

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Summary Neonicotinoides are persistent and highly toxic pesticides that have become popular instead of organophosphates, being suspected to be a trigger of massive disappearance of bees that raises concern in the world. The evaluation of the long-term influence for a whole colony in the natural environment is, however, not established yet. In this paper, we conducted a long-term field experiment and found different impacts on honeybee colonies (Apis mellifera) in an apiary between the neonicotinoid dinotefuran and the organophosphate fenitrothion even though whose concentrations in sugar syrup provided for bees were adjusted to have nearly equal short-term effects on a honeybee based on the median lethal dose (LD50) as well as the insecticidal activity to exterminate stinkbugs. The colony with administration of dinotefran (dinotefuran colony) became extinct in 26 days, while the colony with administration of fenitrothion (fenitrothion colony) survived the administration for the same period. Furthermore, the fenitrothion colony succeeded to be alive for more than 293 days after administration, and also succeeded an overwintering, which indicates that colonies exposed to fenitrothion can recover after the exposure. Meanwhile, the dinotefuran colony became extinct even though the intake of dinotefuran was estimated to be comparable with that of fenitrothion in terms of the LD50 of a honeybee. Moreover, the colonies in our previous long-term experiments where dinotefuran with higher concentration were administered only for first few days (Yamada et al., 2012) became extinct in 104 days and 162 days, respectively. From these results, we speculate that colonies exposed to dinotefuran hardly recover from the damage because dinotefuran is much more persistent than fenitrothion and toxic foods stored in cells can affect a colony in a long period.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Long-term field experiment on the impacts of the neonicotinoid dinotefuran and the organophosphate fenitrothion on a honeybee colony

Yamada

2015

Preprint

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“…Fenitrothion is a broad-spectrum insecticide [ 1 , 3 ], which belongs to the organophosphate group of small molecule chemical insecticides. Organophosphate is one of the most diverse families of pesticides; it has a yellow–brown color, garlic odor and is slightly soluble in water at room temperature.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Novel DNA Aptameric Sensors to Detect the Toxic Insecticide Fenitrothion

Trinh

Kadam

Song

et al. 2021

IJMS

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Fenitrothion is an insecticide belonging to the organophosphate family of pesticides that is widely used around the world in agriculture and living environments. Today, it is one of the most hazardous chemicals that causes severe environmental pollution. However, detection of fenitrothion residues in the environment is considered a significant challenge due to the small molecule nature of the insecticide and lack of molecular recognition elements that can detect it with high specificity. We performed in vitro selection experiments using the SELEX process to isolate the DNA aptamers that can bind to fenitrothion. We found that newly discovered DNA aptamers have a strong ability to distinguish fenitrothion from other organophosphate insecticides (non-specific targets). Furthermore, we identified a fenitrothion-specific aptamer; FenA2, that can interact with Thioflavin T (ThT) to produce a label-free detection mode with a Kd of 33.57 nM (9.30 ppb) and LOD of 14 nM (3.88 ppb). Additionally, the FenA2 aptamer exhibited very low cross-reactivity with non-specific targets. This is the first report showing an aptamer sensor with a G4-quadruplex-like structure to detect fenitrothion. Moreover, these aptamers have the potential to be further developed into analytical tools for real-time detection of fenitrothion from a wide range of samples.

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“…Additionally, several studies have demonstrated that they are also carcinogenic [5], cytotoxic [6], mutagenic, genotoxic [7,8], and immunotoxic [9]. Toxicity of FN has been tested in mice, rats, Guinea pigs, and rabbits showing an oral lethal dose (LD50) ranging between 250 and 870 mg Kg -1 [10,11]. In humans, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), together with the World Health Organization (WHO) established an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0.005 mg Kg -1 [12].…”

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confidence: 99%

“…In humans, the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), together with the World Health Organization (WHO) established an acceptable daily intake (ADI) of 0.005 mg Kg -1 [12]. Some of the chronic symptoms include general fatigue, headache, loss of memory, anorexia, nausea, and muscular weakness, among others [11]. For this reason, FN in particular, was recently banned in Europe and the United States; however, it is still used in Central and South America, Asia, and Africa [10,13,14].…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%