The transformation of agriculture and rural life downstream of Hanoi

Berg, L.M. van den; Wijk, M S van; Hoi, Pham Van

doi:10.1630/095624703101286529

Cited by 13 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…Most of economic development policies tend to foster industrial growth and indirectly stimulate intensive land conversion in many developing countries, like Indonesia, China, Vietnam, and the Philippines (Van den Berg et al ., 2003; Malaque and Yokohari, 2007; Irawan, 2008; Lichtenberg and Ding, 2008). Furthermore, spatial development policy, which determines whether an area becomes industrial site or residential, boosts the conversion of agricultural land in that area.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural land conversion drivers: A comparison between less developed, developing and developed countries

Azadi¹,

Ho²,

Hasfiati³

2010

Land Degrad Dev

155

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This study examines the level of intensity, trend and the main drivers of agricultural land conversion (ALC) worldwide. Considering the World Bank classification and using a stratified random sampling, 94 countries were selected in three different groups: less developing, developing and developed countries. Data were obtained from two databases; Nation Master and Earth Trends for the period of 1961-2003. The empirical results revealed some differences in the level of intensity and the trend of ALC among the groups. Agricultural land loss was more intensified in developing countries experiencing rapid economic growth and a transition in their economic structure. The results also showed that there is a positive correlation between ALC and productivity, capital-labour ratio and urban population. Urban population was identified as the main driver affecting ALC in all the countries. Furthermore, although urbanization process exists in all the groups, the developed countries are more successful in managing urban development and ALC. Considering the increasing trend of ALC in the future and its socio-economic and environmental impacts, this study concluded that governments' intervention in land policies is needed to preserve agricultural lands.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agricultural land conversion drivers: A comparison between less developed, developing and developed countries

Azadi¹,

Ho²,

Hasfiati³

2010

Land Degrad Dev

155

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“…Production and consumption of fish and aquatic plants Peri-urban production of fish and aquatic vegetables has gained increasing importance in several Southeast Asian cities because of increasing demands for such products from the growing urban populations and generally high economic returns on crops (van den Berg et al 2003). Land use has been transformed from traditional rice-based to more profitable vegetable-based systems (Khai et al 2007).…”

Section: Wastewater-fed Peri-urban Aquatic Food Production In Southeamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Since the 1960s, these rivers have been the source of wastewater which is pumped and channeled to aquatic ponds and fields. The peri-urban production of vegetables in Hanoi makes up a very important part of the total vegetable supply to the city (van den Berg et al 2003). Water spinach, which is typically grown in wastewater, is the most commonly consumed vegetable in Hanoi.…”

Section: Wastewater-fed Peri-urban Aquatic Food Production In Southeamentioning

confidence: 99%

Fate and risks of potentially toxic elements in wastewater-fed food production systems—the examples of Cambodia and Vietnam

Holm

Marcussen

Dalsgaard

2009

Irrig Drainage Syst

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Non-treated wastewater is used for irrigation of aquatic food production systems in the peri-urban areas of the major cities in Southeast Asia. This paper complement the knowledge on agricultural soil-based crops irrigated with low quality water, by reviewing the research findings on the wastewater-fed aquatic productions with special focus on heavy metals and other potentially toxic elements (PTEs) in the production systems of Hanoi in Vietnam and Phnom Penh in Cambodia. In Hanoi, sediments in the wastewater exposed rivers of Hanoi were reported to be polluted with PTEs, in particular with Cadmium (Cd). The river sediment had a high retention capacity for PTEs which seems to prevent the transport of PTEs to the wastewater-fed production systems. In Phnom Penh, domestic and industrial wastewater is pumped into the Cheung Ek Lake located south of the city. A major part of the water spinach (Ipomoea aquatica Forssk.) consumed in the city is produced in the lake. The concentrations of some PTEs were elevated at the wastewater inlets to the lake compared to concentrations at the lake outlet and at the control site. Water spinach is by far the major vegetable produced in the wastewater-fed systems in Hanoi and Phnom Penh, but did only contain PTEs in concentrations within or slightly above the concentration range observed for water spinach grown in agricultural soil not exposed to wastewater. PTE concentration in fish grown in wastewater-fed systems in Hanoi and Phnom were low. However, mean PTE concentrations in liver and skin of some fish were high. Consumption of muscle tissue from fish produced in wastewater-fed systems in Hanoi and Phnom Penh resulted in an estimated intake of PTEs amounting to less than 9% of the tolerable intake. It was concluded, that the PTE concentrations in fish and water spinach from Hanoi and Cheung Ek Lake in Phnom Penh constituted low food safety risks for consumers.

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“…An important driving force behind urbanization processes is the re-engagement with the world economy in the late 1980s. This reform, locally referred to as doi moi, reduced the role of the state and opened the Vietnamese economy up to foreign capital ( Van den Berg et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…(Peri-) urban agriculture is important in Hanoi as it provides 60-80% of the perishable vegetable products for the local market (Van den Berg et al, 2003). In the year 2000, almost a third of the population depended at least partly on agricultural incomes (Van den Berg et al, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Institutional aspects of integrating irrigation into urban wastewater management: the case of Hanoi, Vietnam

Evers

Huibers

Vliet

2010

Irrigation and Drainage

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Wastewater flows of metropolitan cities and their downstream use for irrigation are often associated with technical systems. However, an engineering approach on its own will leave questions unanswered at the socio-technical and institutional level. Research was carried out in Hanoi, Vietnam, on the use of polluted irrigation water in periurban agriculture. Apart from outlining the physical features of the urban wastewater chain, a supply chain approach has been applied. Stakeholders along the management chain of the conventional urban wastewater system resemble ''spot markets'' (independent actors who act in self-interest) as described in supply chain management literature. In Hanoi, the conventional approach towards wastewater management consists of a strict separation of urban wastewater management from periurban agricultural use and a neglect of farmers as stakeholders in the chain. It is suggested that the use of wastewater in agriculture should be incorporated into urban water management systems and that farmers should be included as acting stakeholders in the management of the wastewater chain. Dans ce cadre, on s'est servi d'une approche filière après avoir défini les caractéristiques physiques de la filière des eaux usées urbaines. Les parties prenantes de la filière de gestion du réseau d'égouts urbain conventionnel ressemblent aux « spot markets » (soit des acteurs indépendants agissant dans leur propre intérêt) dont parle la littérature spécialisée. À Hanoi, la méthode traditionnelle en matière de gestion des eaux usées urbaines consiste à séparer strictement la gestion de ces eaux de leur utilisation dans l'agriculture périurbaine, et à négliger les agriculteurs en tant que parties prenantes de la filière. Des suggestions sont faites pour incorporer l'utilisation des eaux usées en agriculture aux systèmes de gestion des eaux urbaines, IRRIGATION AND DRAINAGE Irrig. and Drain. 59: 336-344 (2010)

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The transformation of agriculture and rural life downstream of Hanoi

Cited by 13 publications

References 0 publications

Agricultural land conversion drivers: A comparison between less developed, developing and developed countries

Agricultural land conversion drivers: A comparison between less developed, developing and developed countries

Fate and risks of potentially toxic elements in wastewater-fed food production systems—the examples of Cambodia and Vietnam

Institutional aspects of integrating irrigation into urban wastewater management: the case of Hanoi, Vietnam

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