The Trauma Related Shame Inventory: Measuring Trauma-Related Shame Among Patients with PTSD

Øktedalen, Tuva; Hagtvet, Knut A.; Hoffart, Asle; Langkaas, Tomas Formo; Smucker, Mervin R.

doi:10.1007/s10862-014-9422-5

Cited by 103 publications

(133 citation statements)

References 59 publications

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“…It seems that veterans who felt betrayed by commanders during military service felt remorse about these behaviors, perceived them as personal inadequacy and thus experienced trauma‐related guilt. These veterans also reported highly trauma‐related shame, meaning that they believe that their flaws should be hidden, and subsequently develop avoidance and fear of condemnation (Oktedalen et al., ). Only a few studies found relationships between PMIEs and shame or guilt (Fontana et al., ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trauma‐Related Shame Inventory (TRSI; Oktedalen et al., ). It is the first scale suitable for measuring trauma‐related shame.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Furthermore, Oktedalen et al. () found the TRSI to exhibit strong discriminatory validity with the Guilt Cognition Scale, a related but structurally distinct measure. Internal consistency was very good for the subscales of internal shame ( α = 0.96) and external shame ( α = 0.91).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Veterans often tend to blame themselves because of perceived personal inadequacy and flaws during trauma. Believing those flaws should be hidden, and subsequently avoiding others due to fears of rejection and/or condemnation, they might experience trauma‐related shame (Oktedalen et al., ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Moral injury process and its psychological consequences among Israeli combat veterans

Zerach

Levi‐Belz

2018

J Clin Psychol

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Trauma‐Related Shame Inventory (TRSI; Oktedalen et al., ). It is the first scale suitable for measuring trauma‐related shame.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Moral injury process and its psychological consequences among Israeli combat veterans

Zerach

Levi‐Belz

2018

J Clin Psychol

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show abstract

“…Harder and Zalma, 1990;Tangney et al, 1997), but few are adapted to measure these emotions after trauma. Those that exist are typically suitable for use with survivors of a particular trauma or for patient groups (Kubany et al, 1996;Øktedalen et al, 2014). Therefore, there is a need for a measure of trauma-related shame and guilt in general population samples.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Broken and guilty since it happened: A population study of trauma-related shame and guilt after violence and sexual abuse

Aakvaag

Thoresen

Wentzel‐Larsen

et al. 2016

Journal of Affective Disorders

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Exposure to combat incidents within military and civilian populations as possible correlates of potentially morally injurious events and moral injury outcomes among Israeli combat veterans

Zerach

Levi‐Belz

2021

Clin Psychology and Psychoth

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Objectives: Exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) is considered a necessary but insufficient determinant of moral injury (MI) outcomes. However, a question remains regarding possible acts and the necessary features of PMIEs that should be considered transgressive and might lead to MI psychopathological outcomes. We aim to examine the links between exposure to combat incidents within civilian Palestinian populations (CPPs), PMIEs and MI-related outcomes of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms (PTSS), trauma-related guilt and shame. We also aim to explore the mediating roles of subjective perceptions of PMIEs in the relationship between exposure to combat incidents within CPP and MI-related outcomes among combat veterans. Method: A volunteer sample of 716 Israeli combat veterans responded to self-report questionnaires in a cross-sectional design study. Results: Exposure to combat incidents within CPP has been primarily associated with perpetration based PMIEs and MI-related guilt outcomes. Importantly, betrayal-based PMIEs mediated the association between reports of being the victim of verbal violence by militants and/or civilians and MI outcomes. Moreover, perpetration-based PMIEs mediated associations between reports of personal acts, or witnessing acts, of physical and verbal violence and degradation by militants and/or civilians, and MI outcomes. Conclusions: Military incidents within civilian populations are related to subjective perceptions of PMIEs and MI-related psychopathological outcomes. While betrayalbased experiences might serve as a mechanism to being a victim of verbal violence and MI outcomes, perpetration-based experiences might serve as mechanisms to physical, verbal and degradation incidents and MI outcomes.

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The Trauma Related Shame Inventory: Measuring Trauma-Related Shame Among Patients with PTSD

Cited by 103 publications

References 59 publications

Moral injury process and its psychological consequences among Israeli combat veterans

Moral injury process and its psychological consequences among Israeli combat veterans

Broken and guilty since it happened: A population study of trauma-related shame and guilt after violence and sexual abuse

Exposure to combat incidents within military and civilian populations as possible correlates of potentially morally injurious events and moral injury outcomes among Israeli combat veterans

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