The travel cost model of recreation demand: Theoretical and empirical issues

Fletcher, Jérald J.; Adamowicz, Wiktor L.; Graham‐Tomasi, Theodore

doi:10.1080/01490409009513093

Cited by 72 publications

(34 citation statements)

References 70 publications

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“…Expression of environmental aspects in financial terms could be done by using specific techniques described in scientific literature like revealed preference techniques and stated preference techniques [15,16]. In general, the financial rating of environmental aspects is based on public preference for a specific environmental quality level.…”

Section: Description Of the Evaluation Model Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Economical and social aspects: evaluation of incorporation potential in municipal wastewater reuse procedure in Greece

Bakopoulou¹,

Κungolos²

2006

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Vol 92

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It is the objective of this study to evaluate the incorporation potential of economic and social factors in municipal wastewater reuse procedure, aiming at determining whether it is worthwhile for a municipality to construct the necessary advanced treatment systems or not. Advanced wastewater treatment is the additional treatment needed to remove any constituents remaining after conventional secondary treatment and it is considered necessary when there is plan for treated wastewater reuse. Economic and social factors, as well as the necessary environmental factors, could be used as the main parameters, which will serve in the development of an evaluation model. This model could be based in a cost-benefit analysis which, through a correlation procedure, can lead to an optimal solution adoption. This model could be useful for many municipalities in Greece, where wastewater reuse does not consist presently a common method of treated wastewater management.

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Section: Description Of the Evaluation Model Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Economical and social aspects: evaluation of incorporation potential in municipal wastewater reuse procedure in Greece

Bakopoulou¹,

Κungolos²

2006

WIT Transactions on Ecology and the Environment, Vol 92

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“…In this regard the model relies on actual behaviour in that the site choices of individuals must be observed by the investigator, and that market purchases associated with th~s behaviour (travel costs) are weakly complementary to the choice of a recreation site (Fletcher et al 1990). Ifthere is sufficient variation in the distances between visitors' residences and the recreation sites, and in the numbers of trips taken during a particular time period, then a statistical model can be estimated that explains the numbers of trips taken as a function of the travel costs.…”

Section: Travel Cost Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The weighting issue is related to the assumption that the individuals within an aggregate unit are homogeneous in terms of travel costs and socioeconomic characteristics (Fletcher et al 1990). This condition means that the trips from an aggregate unit containing W individuals can be modelled as a Poisson process with a parameter equal to the sum of the individual A' s across all Windividuals in the unit.…”

Section: Specification Of Variablesmentioning

confidence: 99%

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An aggregate travel cost approach to valuing forest recreation at managed sites

Boxall¹,

McFarlane²,

Gartrell³

1996

The Forestry Chronicle

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Travel cost models were estimated for camping trips to designated Des modeles de frais de deplacement ont ete elabores pour des recreation areas in the Rocky-Clearwater Forest in Alberta durexcursions de camping effectuees dans des zones designees de la ing 1994. Trips were aggregated by postal code and resulting trip Foret Rocky-Clearwater en Alberta au cours de 1994. Les excurcounts from each postal code were utilized in truncated Poisson sions ont ete regroupees selon les codes postawt et le dhombrement and negative binomial regressions. The study involved the design des excursions par code postal a ete utilise dans des regressions of a camping fee collection permit which allowed a census of users tronqukes de Poisson et binominales negatives. L'etude comport& rather than a sample to be utilized in the analysis. Per trip conla conception Cun systeme de collecte des frais de permis de campsurner surplus estimates resulting from the Poisson model revealed ing qui permemit un recensement des campeurs pluGt qulm khanthat aggregate nonmarket benefits provided by the Alberta Land tillon destine ti &tre utilise lors de I'analyse. Les estimks de surand Forest Service forest recreation areas were about $750,000 plus par utilisateur decoulant du modele de poisson soulignaient in 1994. The study suggests that with little effort and some planque les benefices non-co-erciaux regroupes tels qu1identifiCs ning, fee collection permit systems can be used in concert with par les

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“…Nowadays, this method is one of the most common ways of evaluating the recreational values, well-known as the TCM, which has been widely used for valuing nature-based recreation (Brown & Mendelsohn 1984, Caulkins et al 1986, Bell & Leeworthy 1990, Fletcher et al 1990, Englin & Mendelsohn 1991, Willis 1991, Garrod & Willis 1992, Adamovicz 1994, Offenbach & Goodwin 1994, Mankhaus & Lober 1996, Mugambi et al 2006, Shrestha et al 2007). …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The recreational valuation of a natural forest park using travel cost method in Iran

Saraj¹,

Yachkaschi²,

Oladi³

et al. 2009

iForest

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© iForest -Biogeosciences and Forestry IntroductionForests feature so many values. They act as good reservoir for both wildlife and forest biodiversity among other benefits (Mugambi et al. 2006). Recreation in natural environments has been extensively increased during recent decades, following the increasing rate of the city residence process. Thus, the recreational activities now play a vital role in the public lifestyle. Therefore, equipping the natural recreational venues together with optimizing their usage has been regarded as one of the important duties of the local management.The (Oladi 2005). Nevertheless, the value and inclination of the recreational site's usage would be obtained using some worldwide evaluation methods. Regarding the other applications of the forested sites, it is of a great concern that the concept of forest recreational centres be overcome by the assumption of the land's agricultural or timber productivity or creation of other alternative land uses. Hence, evaluation of recreational sites is one of the tasks that would lead the managers to the economic value of these regions and is due to persuade them to equip the sites. By assessment of forest parks and recreational areas which comes up to presenting the exact and accurate information and statistics, the potential land use change of the parks into other land uses can finally be avoided. Existence of several methods of evaluating the recreational values would clarify the importance of performing such a process. One method for estimating some of the non-market benefits is the Travel Cost Method (hereafter called TCM). This tool estimates ecotourism benefits of a protected area based upon observed travel expenses by visitors to the area (Mankhaus & Lober 1996).Various methods have been proposed so far to evaluate recreational regions and quantify the willingness to pay. The application of methods depends on the regional condition and the factors each method apply. Hotelling 1947 stated that the highest travel cost is considered to be the recreational value. Unlike the prices for private goods in efficient markets, the price of some goods, such as ecotourism, if measured only by direct costs such as entrance fees to parks, may not reflect the degree to which these goods are valued. This inaccurate pricing can result in lost revenue or underestimation of the importance of the good. One solution to this problem is to estimate visitors' willingness to pay for the good by using TCM. This model provides an estimate of the benefit individuals received from visiting a site by observing their travel-related expenses (Clawson & Knetsch 1966, Krutilla & Fisher 1975, Dixon & Sherman 1991, Freeman 1993).Clawson's study (1959) was carried out on the estimation of the relationship between the visitors and their residential area's distance from the park. Nowadays, this method is one of the most common ways of evaluating the recreational values, well-known as the TCM, which has been widely used for valuing nature-based recreation (Brown & Mendelsohn...

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The travel cost model of recreation demand: Theoretical and empirical issues

Cited by 72 publications

References 70 publications

Economical and social aspects: evaluation of incorporation potential in municipal wastewater reuse procedure in Greece

Economical and social aspects: evaluation of incorporation potential in municipal wastewater reuse procedure in Greece

An aggregate travel cost approach to valuing forest recreation at managed sites

The recreational valuation of a natural forest park using travel cost method in Iran

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