The Treatment of Adolescents With Schizotypal Personality Disorder and Related Conditions: A Practice-Oriented Review of the Literature

Ryan, Arthur T.; Macdonald, Allison; Walker, Elaine F.

doi:10.1111/cpsp.12050

Cited by 9 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 124 publications

(134 reference statements)

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“…Under conditions where patients are already receiving high-quality psychosocial therapy and antidepressants, the added value of omega-3 supplement may not be as large. However, future research drawing on the efficacy of environmental enrichment programs, perhaps extending known interventions for schizophrenia-spectrum disorders and syndromes to attenuated forms of schizotypy, with a combination of diet, sleep, physical exercise, and cognitive therapy/training [17,23] may be particularly useful in informing the field in developing interventions during early development.…”

Section: Nutrition and Spdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition, Sleep, and Exercise as Healthy Behaviors in Schizotypy: A Scoping Review

Wong¹,

Raine²

2022

Preprint

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This scoping review identifies the role of nutrition, sleep, and exercise as healthy behaviors in non-clinical individuals with schizotypy throughout the lifespan. Methods: We systematically reviewed the existing literature on these topics through databases including: PsycINFO, Scopus, APA PsycNet, ScienceDirect, Wiley Online Library and SpringerLink. Results: Of the 42 studies found, a total of 23 studies met the inclusion criteria on the review topic. Included studies reflect varying study designs (cross-sectional, multiple time-point, intervention, randomized-placebo controlled trials), assessment of schizotypy and associated healthy behaviors, focus on various samples and lifespan (e.g., undergraduates, adolescents, at-risk individuals), and stem from different countries. Conclusion: While a moderate number of studies address the role of nutrition, sleep, and physical exercise in relation to schizotypy, studies intersecting these topics are limited. Of the limited studies that do exist, the majority are correlational with the beginnings of causal support from intervention studies. As such, future research should focus on providing a more holistic understanding of what healthy behaviors precede and may protect from the development of schizotypal traits and its subtypes, and which behaviors might reduce levels of schizotypy. Author notes: This manuscript has been submitted for publication and is likely to be edited as part of the peer review process. Correspondence regarding this paper should be addressed to Keri Ka-Yee Wong keri.wong@ucl.ac.uk.

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Section: Nutrition and Spdmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nutrition, Sleep, and Exercise as Healthy Behaviors in Schizotypy: A Scoping Review

Wong¹,

Raine²

2022

Preprint

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“…Over the last two decades, there has been much interest in aberrant neural circuits associated with clinical symptoms and functional impairments of schizophrenia-spectrum disorders [ 1 , 2 ]. Of the various forms of schizophrenia-related disorders, schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) is assumed to lie at one end of the schizophrenia spectrum [ 3 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Attenuated Resting-State Functional Anticorrelation between Attention and Executive Control Networks in Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Hur

Kim

Cho

et al. 2021

JCM

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Exploring the disruptions to intrinsic resting-state networks (RSNs) in schizophrenia-spectrum disorders yields a better understanding of the disease-specific pathophysiology. However, our knowledge of the neurobiological underpinnings of schizotypal personality disorders mostly relies on research on schizotypy or schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate the RSN abnormalities of schizotypal personality disorder (SPD) and their clinical implications. Using resting-state data, the intra- and inter-network of the higher-order functional networks (default mode network, DMN; frontoparietal network, FPN; dorsal attention network, DAN; salience network, SN) were explored in 22 medication-free, community-dwelling, non-help seeking individuals diagnosed with SPD and 30 control individuals. Consequently, while there were no group differences in intra-network functional connectivity across DMN, FPN, DAN, and SN, the SPD participants exhibited attenuated anticorrelation between the right frontal eye field region of the DAN and the right posterior parietal cortex region of the FPN. The decreases in anticorrelation were correlated with increased cognitive–perceptual deficits and disorganization factors of the schizotypal personality questionnaire, as well as reduced independence–performance of the social functioning scale for all participants together. This study, which links SPD pathology and social functioning deficits, is the first evidence of impaired large-scale intrinsic brain networks in SPD.

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“…Moreover, they are predictive of less favorable developmental outcomes, including problems in areas such as school, work, peer and romantic relationships, and are the strongest predictor of young adult PDs (De Fruyt & De Clercq, 2014). Finally, PDs are not only relatively stable in adolescence (Courtney-Seidler, Klein, & Miller, 2013), some PDs, like schizotypal, appear more stable in adolescents than in adults (Ryan, Macdonald, & Walker, 2013), with 70% of adolescents (Squires-Wheeler, Skodol, & Erlenmeyer-Kimling, 1991) as opposed to 39% of adults retaining the diagnosis after several years (Grilo et al, 2004).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Developmentally sensitive markers of personality functioning in adolescents: Age-specific and age-neutral expressions.

Debast

Rossi

Feenstra

et al. 2017

Personality Disorders: Theory, Research, and Treatment

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Criterion D of the (5th ed.;; American Psychiatric Association [APA], 2013) refers to a possible onset of personality disorders (PDs) in adolescence and in Section II the development/course in adolescence is described by some typical characteristics for several PDs. Yet, age-specific expressions of PDs are lacking in Section III. We urgently need a developmentally sensitive assessment instrument that differentiates developmental and contextual changes on the one hand from expressions of personality pathology on the other hand. Therefore we investigated which items of the Severity Indices for Personality Problems-118 (SIPP-118) were developmentally sensitive throughout adolescence and adulthood and which could be considered more age-specific markers requiring other content or thresholds over age groups. Applying item response theory (IRT) we detected differential item functioning (DIF) in 36% of the items in matched samples of 639 adolescents versus 639 adults. The DIF across age groups mainly reflected a different degree of symptom expressions for the same underlying level of functioning. The threshold for exhibiting symptoms given a certain degree of personality dysfunction was lower in adolescence for areas of personality functioning related to the Self and Interpersonal domains. Some items also measured a latent construct of personality functioning differently across adolescents and adults. This suggests that several facets of the SIPP-118 do not solely measure aspects of personality pathology in adolescents, but likely include more developmental issues. (PsycINFO Database Record

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The Treatment of Adolescents With Schizotypal Personality Disorder and Related Conditions: A Practice-Oriented Review of the Literature

Cited by 9 publications

References 124 publications

Nutrition, Sleep, and Exercise as Healthy Behaviors in Schizotypy: A Scoping Review

Nutrition, Sleep, and Exercise as Healthy Behaviors in Schizotypy: A Scoping Review

Attenuated Resting-State Functional Anticorrelation between Attention and Executive Control Networks in Schizotypal Personality Disorder

Developmentally sensitive markers of personality functioning in adolescents: Age-specific and age-neutral expressions.

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