The Trendermarsch polder (North Frisia, Germany) - Geophysical and geoarchaeological investigations of an anthropogenic medieval coastal landscape and its vulnerability against natural hazards

Hadler, Hanna; Wilken, Dennis; Willershäuser, Timo; Bäumler, Sarah; Fischer, Peter; Rabbel, Wolfgang; Wunderlich, Tina; Vött, Andreas

doi:10.1016/j.geomorph.2022.108461

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…TRE ( [37]) is an example from the Wadden Sea area of northern Germany (North Frisia), comprising mainly sandy, silty and organic layers from tidal flats and marshlands. 7.…”

Section: Dp Test Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm with Adaptive Parameter Space Dimension: A Promising Tool for Geophysical Electromagnetic Induction Inversion

Wilken,

Mercker,

Fischer

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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Frequency-domain electromagnetic induction (FDEMI) methods are frequently used in non-invasive, area-wise mapping of the subsurface electromagnetic soil properties. A crucial part of data analysis is the geophysical inversion of the data, resulting in either conductivity and/or magnetic susceptibility subsurface distributions. We present a novel 1D stochastic optimization approach that combines dimension-adapting reversible jump Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) with artificial bee colony (ABC) optimization for geophysical inversion, with specific application to frequency-domain electromagnetic induction (FDEMI) data. Several solution models of simplified model geometry and a variable number of model knots, which are found by the inversion method, are used to create re-sampled resulting average models. We present synthetic test inversions using conductivity models based on 14 direct-push (DP) EC logs from Greece, Italy, and Germany, as well as field data applications using multi-coil FDEMI devices from three sites in Azerbaijan and Germany. These examples show that the method can effectively lead to solutions that resemble the known DP input models or image reasonable stratigraphic and archaeological features in the field data. Neighboring 1D solutions on field data examples show high coherence along profiles even though each 1D inversion is independently handled. The computational effort for one 1D inversion is less than 120,000 forward calculations, which is much less than usually needed in MCMC inversions, whereas the resulting models show more plausible solutions due to the dimension-adapting properties of the inversion method.

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“…TRE ( [37]) is an example from the Wadden Sea area of northern Germany (North Frisia), comprising mainly sandy, silty and organic layers from tidal flats and marshlands. 7.…”

Section: Dp Test Modelsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm with Adaptive Parameter Space Dimension: A Promising Tool for Geophysical Electromagnetic Induction Inversion

Wilken,

Mercker,

Fischer

et al. 2024

Remote Sensing

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“…But the systematic large-scale reclamation and major transformation of natural coastal conditions into a cultural landscape had only begun around 1100 AD. Unlike in neighbouring Wadden Sea regions, prevailing amphibious conditions had restricted permanent human settlement for a long time 22 . Pleistocene outcrops and Holocene beach ridges had mostly kept out open North Sea conditions during the post-glacial sea level rise 2 , 25 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pleistocene outcrops and Holocene beach ridges had mostly kept out open North Sea conditions during the post-glacial sea level rise 2 , 25 . Instead, quiescent shallow water conditions and wide marshes emerged since c. 2000 BC, traversed by tidal channels and succeeded by extensive peat formation that lasted at least until the first millennium AD 22 , 25 , 26 . Yet, only two centuries of intense human interventions by medieval colonization increased the region’s vulnerability in a way that the devastating effects of the 1362 AD storm flood destroyed much of North Frisia’s low-lying coastal areas 11 , 21 , 27 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Yet, only two centuries of intense human interventions by medieval colonization increased the region’s vulnerability in a way that the devastating effects of the 1362 AD storm flood destroyed much of North Frisia’s low-lying coastal areas 11 , 21 , 27 . Recent (geo-)archaeological case studies on North Frisia’s landscape development imply that it is in particular large-scale peat extraction—for cultivation of fossil marshes in southern North Frisia (Südfall area) 22 , 27 and salt production in the northern Halligen region 28 —that significantly lowered the ground surface, likely into the range of mean high water at that time.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The discovery of the church of Rungholt, a landmark for the drowned medieval landscapes of the Wadden Sea World Heritage

Wilken,

Hadler,

Majchczack

et al. 2024

Sci Rep

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The UNESCO World Heritage Wadden Sea holds remains of a medieval cultural landscape shaped by interactions between man and natural forces. From the Netherlands to Denmark, human efforts of cultivating low-lying areas created a unique coastal landscape. Since the Middle Ages, storm floods widely drowned embanked cultural land and especially affected North Frisia (Germany), where once fertile marshland was permanently turned into tidal flats. One key region, the Edomsharde, was widely destroyed in 1362 AD. Medieval settlement remains still occur in the tidal flats around the island Hallig Südfall and are commonly associated with Edomsharde’s trading centre Rungholt—ever since a symbol for the region’s drowned landscapes and focus of this study. We present a first-time comprehensive reconstruction of this medieval settlement by means of new geophysical, geoarchaeological and archaeological data. Our results reveal remains of up to 64 newly found and rectified dwelling mounds, abundant drainage ditches, a seadike, and especially the discovery of Edomshardes’s main church as important landmark in this former cultural landscape. These finds together with the documented imported goods confirm a thriving society, involved in transregional trade and thereby close a significant gap in medieval history not only for North Frisia, but the entire Wadden Sea region.

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“…Many geophysical methods, namely electrical resistivity tomography (ERT), ground penetrating radar (GPR), induced polarization (IP), controlled source audio frequency magnetotelluric (CSAMT), seismic refraction tomography (SRT), self-potential (SP), magnetic and gravity are widely carried out in geotechnical, environmental and groundwater studies 1,6,15,17,18,[23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37] . Compared to the borehole approaches, geophysical methods offer volumetric measurements of the subsurface 28,38 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Evaluation of rock mass units using a non-invasive geophysical approach

Hasan,

Shang,

Meng

2023

Sci Rep

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Thorough and accurate assessment of rock mass units is important for development of engineering infrastructures and groundwater resources assessments. Rock mass units are widely evaluated by reliable geomechanical parameters namely rock quality designation (RQD) and rock core index (RCI). Conventionally, these parameters are acquired via an extensive number of geotechnical tests. Such tests, however, suffer efficiency for data coverage, cost, equipment and topographic constrictions, and hence cause ambiguity in geological models for a detailed evaluation of rock mass integrity. Conversely, geophysical surveys offer fast, more user-friendly, less invasive, more cost-effective and less time-consuming approach for geological investigations. The past research confirms a useful link between geophysical and geotechnical parameters. But, none of the past studies provides a suitable and generalized relation between these parameters which can reduce geotechnical model uncertainty mostly caused by inadequate data and subsurface heterogeneity. This paper proposes a meaningful and feasible method to obtain geomechanical parameters using a certain number of drillings and geophysical data of four different sites. Based on electrical resistivity obtained from electrical resistivity tomography (ERT) and controlled-source audio-frequency magneto telluric (CSAMT), this research provides the general and adaptable formulas for geotechnical parameter estimation and reduces geological model uncertainty for more detailed 2D/3D imaging of RQD and RCI covering the whole sites where even no drilling data exists. Thus, the investigated sites are assessed laterally and vertically along each geophysical profile via distinct value ranges of geological parameters for a thorough and reliable evaluation of rock mass units in highly heterogeneous setting. Our research reduces the ambiguity caused by structural heterogeneities and scarce data, fills the gap between inadequate well tests and the true geological models, and gives new insights into the rock mass units for proper engineering design and groundwater exploitation.

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The Trendermarsch polder (North Frisia, Germany) - Geophysical and geoarchaeological investigations of an anthropogenic medieval coastal landscape and its vulnerability against natural hazards

Cited by 6 publications

References 29 publications

Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm with Adaptive Parameter Space Dimension: A Promising Tool for Geophysical Electromagnetic Induction Inversion

Artificial Bee Colony Algorithm with Adaptive Parameter Space Dimension: A Promising Tool for Geophysical Electromagnetic Induction Inversion

The discovery of the church of Rungholt, a landmark for the drowned medieval landscapes of the Wadden Sea World Heritage

Evaluation of rock mass units using a non-invasive geophysical approach

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