The tungsten oxide within phosphate glasses to investigate the structural, optical, and shielding properties variations

Abstract

We prepared a series of sodium phosphate glasses by changing WO3/P2O5 content and investigated structure optical and radiation shielding features as a function of glass composition. The average density (⍴ ) and was found to increase gradually from 2.49 to 3.07 g/cm 3 while the average molar volume values reduced from 47.37 to 44.28 cm 3 /mol with WO3 addition. Also, the average field strength was also computed and found to increase with increasing WO3. The study of optical absorption spectra reveals that, the absorption peaks in the visible region become higher compared to the peaks In the UV region. This observation is accompanied with a color transformation of glasses from light to dark blue color, with more WO3 adding. The existence of pentavalent tungsten state (W 5+ ) is identified by this blue color. with WO3 addition an absorption band at around at 350-390 nm is appeared. Moreover, this band is overlapped with Urbach edge, which regularly produces an artificial edge-like feature at ~400 nm. A detailed deconvolution protocol is required for an appropriate understanding of these spectra and unravelling the hidden Urbach edge. Our analysis shows that, with increasing WO3/P2O5 content, the optical band gap decreases. This behavior can be elucidated in terms of lower band gap of W (2.7 eV) than that of P2O5 (8.5 eV) and the high polarizing power W. Further, the radiation shielding parameters were investigated for the prepared glasses. WO3 addition improves these shielding parameters against radiation. Where, upon the increase of WO3 concentration, the LAC of glass material increases which leads to a decrease in HVL value. Then it is deducible that the amount of WO3 in this glass sample has an important impact on the shielding capability at lower energy values and has a slight impact at higher energy values.

Exploring the effect of CdO / Al2O3 replacement on structural, optical, and gamma-ray attenuation properties of Na2O-BaO-P2O5 glasses

“…The shielding capability of improved materials is positively connected with larger values of Z eff . This suggests that a greater number of gamma rays experience attenuation while passing through materials characterized by higher Z eff values [41]. The results, taken from Figure 14, also showed that adding cadmium at the expense of aluminum led to an increase in Z eff values in different energy values from 0.001 to 15 MeV.…”

“…This phenomenon can be explained by the fact that at low energy levels a glass of small thickness is required, which is re ected in the low HVL values attributed to the photoelectric processes [40]. However, in the medium and high energy ranges, this requires materials with a higher thickness in order to reduce the penetration of gamma rays into the prepared materials and thus reduce health damage [41]. It is noted also from Figure 12 that replacing aluminum with cadmium reduces HVL values.…”

The dielectric and radiation shielding features of Zn0.9Ni0.1Co2-xFexO4 nanopowder

“…Furthermore, the MFP refers to the average distance between two consecutive photon interactions with the absorber material. MFP is used as an additional criterion for assessing the ability of a specific material to shield against radiation and it can be obtained as the following [54]: In addition, Z eff measures how well a particular martial protects against ionizing radiation. Materials with higher Z eff values have greater effectiveness in attenuating ionizing radiation [54].…”

“…All of the Zn 0.9 Ni 0.1 Co 2-x Fe x O 4 samples showed consistent patterns in the MFP values as a function of the incident photon energy.In addition, Z eff measures how well a particular martial protects against ionizing radiation. Materials with higher Z eff values have greater effectiveness in attenuating ionizing radiation[54].Figure9illustrates the changes in Z eff values as a function of incident photon energy for Zn 0.9 Ni 0.1 Co 2-x Fe x O 4 samples. According to the graph, Z eff reaches its highest values at low photon energy.…”

Optical and radiation shielding features of NiO-CdO-BaO borosilicate glasses

“…On the other hand, in the glasses absorption spectrum, it is noticed that the incident wavelengths decrease as absorbance rises rapidly, producing the fundamental absorption edge (UV 'cut off'). Optical band gap (E g ) can be determined through the optically induced transition process in which photon energy is larger than the energy difference between VB and CB of the material [32][33][34]. Determining this energy in glass materials provides information regards the structural modification and chemical bond nature.…”