The tunnel-valleys of Norfolk, East Anglia

Cox, Frank C.

doi:10.1016/s0016-7878(85)80024-9

Cited by 11 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…On the other hand, the assumption that a continuity of sedimentation exists between the glacially-modified valley and its infill of glaciolacustrine and estuarine sediments may prove incorrect because these valleys are known to have complex histories (Cox, 1985), leaving potential for hiatuses to exist within their sedimentary sequences.…”

Section: Discussion Of Chronological Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Age limits on Middle Pleistocene glacial sediments from OSL dating, north Norfolk, UK

Pawley

Bailey

Rose

et al. 2008

Quaternary Science Reviews

125

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The lowland region of north Norfolk contains some of the best preserved evidence for glacial deposition during the Middle Pleistocene in northwest Europe.Despite the importance of these deposits, there is limited chronological control and it is debated whether they belong to a single glaciation, equated to the Anglian glaciation (Marine Isotope Stage 12), or represent deposition over a number of Middle Pleistocene cold stages. In order to develop an improved chronology for glaciation in this region, we obtained 18 samples for optical stimulated luminescence (OSL) dating from glacial outwash facies. Samples of coarse-grained quartz sand were measured using the SAR (single aliquot regenerative-dose) protocol. The low radioactive isotope concentrations in sediments of this region enable the traditionally accepted age limit of luminescence dating to be extended. The form of the dose response curves, pre-heat plateaux tests, and dose recovery experiments also indicate that laboratory doses can be reliably measured in these samples. Age overestimation due to partial bleaching is thought to be insignificant. The OSL ages suggest that the glacial sediments studied were deposited during MIS 12 rather than in different post MIS 12 stages.

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Section: Discussion Of Chronological Significancementioning

confidence: 99%

Age limits on Middle Pleistocene glacial sediments from OSL dating, north Norfolk, UK

Pawley

Bailey

Rose

et al. 2008

Quaternary Science Reviews

125

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…The till sheet is heavily dissected and can be mapped across southern and central Norfolk and northern Suffolk where it extends as far north as Eccles and Banningham (Trimmer, ; Blake, ; Baden‐Powell, ; Hopson and Bridge, ; Arthurton et al ., ; Moorlock et al ., ). Boreholes prove the diamicton to infill or partially infill buried subglacial and sub‐marginal drainage channels that may locally be incised up to 65 m beneath the base of the till sheet (Woodland, ; Cox, ; Mathers and Zalasiewicz, ; Bricker et al ., ; Gibbard and van Vegt, 2012).…”

Section: Application Of a Hybrid Tectonostratigraphic–parasequence Apmentioning

confidence: 98%

The Middle Pleistocene glacial evolution of northern East Anglia, UK: a dynamic tectonostratigraphic–parasequence approach

Lee

Phillips

Rose

et al. 2016

J Quaternary Science

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The Middle Pleistocene glacial history of northern East Anglia is a controversial topic with differing opinions surrounding chronology, provenance and the relative stratigraphic framework. Reconciling the stratigraphic framework of the region is an essential first step to developing onshore-offshore geological models and a robust eventdriven chronological framework. Within this study a dynamic tectonostratigraphic-parasequence methodology is applied to deposits traditionally attributed to the Anglian Glaciation (Marine Isotope Stage 12). This approach offers an insight into ice-bed coupling during glaciation and how evolving boundary conditions influenced glacier dynamics. Six major tectonostratigraphic-parasequence assemblages (A1-A6) are recognized in northern East Anglia and correlate with successive advances into the region of North Sea or Pennine lobes of the British Ice Sheet. Individual tectonostratigraphic-parasequence assemblages are bound at their base by a sedimentary contact or, more commonly, a glacitectonic zone. The geometry and structural characteristics of these glacitectonic zones reflect temporal and spatial variations in ice-bed coupling (traction), a function of substrate rheology and, in turn, variations in lithology, porewater availability and thermo-mechanical properties. The role of permafrost may also be significant, promoting proglacial/ice-marginal thrust stacking in front of advancing ice and enhanced ice-bed decoupling during subsequent overriding and subglacial till accretion. #

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“…For instance, their course can be influenced by structural lineaments (e.g. Beuf et al 1971;Dobracki & Krzyszkowski 1997;Ghienne et al 2003;Praeg 2003), salt domes (Ehlers & Linke 1989;Kristensen et al 2007) and pre-existing river beds or tunnel valleys (Cox 1985;Piotrowski 1997). These features form structural and/or hydrological anomalies that may deflect the tunnel valley course, promoting meandering of the valley.…”

Section: Tunnel Valley Coursementioning

confidence: 99%

Tunnel valleys: current knowledge and future perspectives

2012

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Tunnel valleys are elongated incisions that are commonly interpreted as being the result of erosional processes by subglacial meltwater occurring under continental ice sheets. The abundance, size and the primarily coarse-grained infill of these features have made tunnel valleys important hydrocarbon and groundwater reservoirs. Although numerous tunnel valleys have been described over the last century, their formation and infill remain poorly understood. This review summarizes and discusses the current knowledge of tunnel valleys, providing an overview of the observations around the world. Morphological aspects that separate tunnel valleys from other landforms are discussed, as well as the wide variety of sedimentary environments found to contribute to the infilling of these features. The depth of the incision and the character of ice retreat significantly determine the final infill architecture. The formational hypotheses proposed in the literature are assessed to test their wider applicability to all other tunnel valleys in order to find a generic model that helps in the prediction of the morphology and infilling of both Pleistocene and pre-Pleistocene age. A quasi-steady-state model, with small meltwater outbursts that erode tunnel valleys near the ice margin, seems compatible with most of the known valleys. Other proposed models require specific geographical or climatic conditions

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The tunnel-valleys of Norfolk, East Anglia

Cited by 11 publications

References 4 publications

Age limits on Middle Pleistocene glacial sediments from OSL dating, north Norfolk, UK

Age limits on Middle Pleistocene glacial sediments from OSL dating, north Norfolk, UK

The Middle Pleistocene glacial evolution of northern East Anglia, UK: a dynamic tectonostratigraphic–parasequence approach

Tunnel valleys: current knowledge and future perspectives

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