“…The position and conformation of the barr tail in the active state are not known, as the entire barr tail is either removed or unresolved in these structures (Gurevich et al, 2018). The barr tail contains regions that bind clathrin and adaptin, and it may also be directly involved in, or expose N-domain regions important for, scaffolding signaling kinases, including a direct interaction with extracellular signal-regulated kinase 2 (Gurevich and Gurevich, 2015;Perry-Hauser et al, 2022). Thus, the timing and nature of barr tail release, as it relates to receptor engagement and other structural rearrangements in barr, are critical for understanding barr-mediated signaling.…”