The ubiquitin kinase PINK1 recruits autophagy receptors to induce mitophagy

Lazarou, Michael; Sliter, Danielle A.; Kane, Lesley A.; Sarraf, Shireen A.; Wang, Chunxin; Burman, Jonathon L.; Sideris, Dionisia P.; Fogel, Adam I.; Youle, Richard J.

doi:10.1038/nature14893

Cited by 2,189 publications

(2,420 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…2). Therefore, PINK1 modification of this single substrate, although able to recruit Parkin to Miro and even to activate Parkin for Miro ubiquitination, was not sufficient to induce the widespread ubiquitination of proteins on the mitochondrial surface, and thereby cause the recruitment of adaptor proteins and mitophagy (29,30,36,56,57). When PINK1 is activated in the context of mitochondrial damage, it will act on multiple targets, including Parkin and ubiquitin, and thereby achieve full enzymatic activity of Parkin and trigger mitophagy.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miro phosphorylation sites regulate Parkin recruitment and mitochondrial motility

Shlevkov

Kramer

Schapansky

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

131

119

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The PTEN-induced putative kinase 1 (PINK1)/Parkin pathway can tag damaged mitochondria and trigger their degradation by mitophagy. Before the onset of mitophagy, the pathway blocks mitochondrial motility by causing Miro degradation. PINK1 activates Parkin by phosphorylating both Parkin and ubiquitin. PINK1, however, has other mitochondrial substrates, including Miro (also called RhoT1 and -2), although the significance of those substrates is less clear. We show that mimicking PINK1 phosphorylation of Miro on S156 promoted the interaction of Parkin with Miro, stimulated Miro ubiquitination and degradation, recruited Parkin to the mitochondria, and via Parkin arrested axonal transport of mitochondria. Although Miro S156E promoted Parkin recruitment it was insufficient to trigger mitophagy in the absence of broader PINK1 action. In contrast, mimicking phosphorylation of Miro on T298/T299 inhibited PINK1-induced Miro ubiquitination, Parkin recruitment, and Parkin-dependent mitochondrial arrest. The effects of the T298E/T299E phosphomimetic were dominant over S156E substitution. We propose that the status of Miro phosphorylation influences the decision to undergo Parkin-dependent mitochondrial arrest, which, in the context of PINK1 action on other substrates, can restrict mitochondrial dynamics before mitophagy.is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder, and is closely linked to mitochondrial dysfunction (1, 2). Two hereditary forms of recessive PD are caused by mutations in PINK1 (PTEN-induced putative kinase 1), a Ser/Thr mitochondrial kinase, and Parkin, a cytosolic E3 ubiquitin ligase (3, 4). The realization that these proteins are in a single pathway, with PINK1 acting upstream of Parkin to influence mitochondrial properties, was a critical step in uncovering the underlying pathological mechanisms of PD (5-7). This pathway can trigger the selective autophagy of damaged mitochondria, termed mitophagy (8, 9), but additional cellular functions have also been indicated for PINK1 and Parkin (10-15). Much, however, remains unclear about how the PINK1/Parkin pathway is regulated.In current models of PINK1/Parkin mitophagy (reviewed in ref. 1), healthy mitochondria import a PINK1 precursor constitutively to the inner membrane, where it is cleaved (16-18). The cleaved form then returns to the cytoplasm and is degraded by the N-end rule pathway (19). Mitochondrial depolarization, or protein misfolding in the matrix of energized mitochondria (20), prevent the import and degradation of PINK1, resulting in the accumulation of PINK1 on the outer mitochondrial membrane (OMM) (9,21,22). Once on the OMM, PINK1 kinase activity recruits Parkin from the cytosol (8, 9). Although Parkin adopts a self-inhibited conformation in solution (23-25), it becomes fully activated in a PINK1-dependent manner on the mitochondria (9, 21). Parkin ubiquitinates numerous proteins of the OMM (26, 27), and thereby recruits autophagy-related proteins to the damaged mitochondrion for autophagosome assembly (28-30).How PINK1 recruits and activa...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Miro phosphorylation sites regulate Parkin recruitment and mitochondrial motility

Shlevkov

Kramer

Schapansky

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

131

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Autophagy is the primary mechanism for mitochondrial quality control and removes whole mitochondria. In contrast to non‐selective autophagy, mitophagy is a more specific mechanism that maintains a healthy mitochondrial population 18, 19, 20. During mitophagy, damaged mitochondria are selectively sequestered by phagophores, encapsulated and subsequently fused with lysosomes to recycle their essential components 20.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Melatonin activates Parkin translocation and rescues the impaired mitophagy activity of diabetic cardiomyopathy through Mst1 inhibition

Wang

Zhao

Feng

et al. 2018

J Cellular Molecular Medi

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Mitophagy eliminates dysfunctional mitochondria and thus plays a cardinal role in diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM). We observed the favourable effects of melatonin on cardiomyocyte mitophagy in mice with DCM and elucidated their underlying mechanisms. Electron microscopy and flow cytometric analysis revealed that melatonin reduced the number of impaired mitochondria in the diabetic heart. Other than decreasing mitochondrial biogenesis, melatonin increased the clearance of dysfunctional mitochondria in mice with DCM. Melatonin increased LC3 II expression as well as the colocalization of mitochondria and lysosomes in HG‐treated cardiomyocytes and the number of typical autophagosomes engulfing mitochondria in the DCM heart. These results indicated that melatonin promoted mitophagy. When probing the mechanism, increased Parkin translocation to the mitochondria may be responsible for the up‐regulated mitophagy exerted by melatonin. Parkin knockout counteracted the beneficial effects of melatonin on the cardiac mitochondrial morphology and bioenergetic disorders, thus abolishing the substantial effects of melatonin on cardiac remodelling with DCM. Furthermore, melatonin inhibited Mammalian sterile 20‐like kinase 1 (Mst1) phosphorylation, thus enhancing Parkin‐mediated mitophagy, which contributed to mitochondrial quality control. In summary, this study confirms that melatonin rescues the impaired mitophagy activity of DCM. The underlying mechanism may be attributed to activation of Parkin translocation via inhibition of Mst1.

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“…These receptors mediate the engulfment of targeted mitochondria by autophagosome for lysis [125][126][127]. Other Parkin/ PINK1-independent pathways can mediate mitophagy alternatively involving NIX/BNIP3, Ambra1, ULK1 or cardiolipin in neurons [128][129][130][131][132].…”

Section: Mitochondrial Dynamics and Mitophagy In Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

The mitochondrial dynamics in cancer and immune-surveillance

Simula

Nazio

Campello

2017

Seminars in Cancer Biology

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A B S T R A C TMitochondria-shaping proteins control the dynamic equilibrium between fusion and fission of the mitochondrial network. Their balance is strictly required to regulate various processes, including the quality of mitochondria, cell metabolism, cell death, proliferation and cell migration. Alterations in these processes are frequently encountered in cancer, during both its onset and later progression, as evidence emerge connecting alterations in mitochondrial dynamics with cancer development. In recent years, novel therapeutic approaches to fight against different human tumors aim at exploiting the immune system's ability to specifically recognize tumor antigens, thus killing malignant cells in a process named immune-surveillance. Interestingly, data are accumulating on the role that mitochondrial dynamics play also for the correct function of both the innate and the adaptive immune system. By this review, we overview how mitochondrial dynamics can affect various processes during cancer development, acting directly on tumor cells or indirectly on cells responsible for tumor aggression and defence.

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The ubiquitin kinase PINK1 recruits autophagy receptors to induce mitophagy

Cited by 2,189 publications

References 42 publications

Miro phosphorylation sites regulate Parkin recruitment and mitochondrial motility

Miro phosphorylation sites regulate Parkin recruitment and mitochondrial motility

Melatonin activates Parkin translocation and rescues the impaired mitophagy activity of diabetic cardiomyopathy through Mst1 inhibition

The mitochondrial dynamics in cancer and immune-surveillance

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