The ultimate step towards a tailored engineering of core@shell and core@shell@shell nanoparticles

Abstract

Complex core@shell and core@shell@shell nanoparticles are systems that combine the functionalities of the inner core and outer shell materials together with new physico-chemical properties originated by their low (nano) dimensionality. Such nanoparticles are of prime importance in the fast growing field of nanotechnology as building blocks for more sophisticated systems and a plethora of applications. Here, it is shown that although conceptually simple a modified gas aggregation approach allows the one-step generation of well-controlled complex nanoparticles. In particular, it is demonstrated that the atoms of the core and the shell of the nanoparticles can be easily inverted, avoiding intrinsic constraints of chemical methods.

Core–shell nanoparticles: synthesis and applications in catalysis and electrocatalysis

“…[287][288][289][290][291][292][293][294][295][296][297] In this section, various catalytic reactions by CSNs 298 are described, such as hydrogenation reactions, oxidation reactions, cross-coupling reactions, tandem deprotection-Knoevenagel and Henry reactions, aerobic oxidative esterifications and synthesis of bulk chemicals (e.g., adipic acid), etc. [287][288][289][290][291][292][293][294][295][296][297] In this section, various catalytic reactions by CSNs 298 are described, such as hydrogenation reactions, oxidation reactions, cross-coupling reactions, tandem deprotection-Knoevenagel and Henry reactions, aerobic oxidative esterifications and synthesis of bulk chemicals (e.g., adipic acid), etc.…”

“…), 293,434,[446][447][448][449][450][451] mainly because they (i) are inexpensive, (ii) can be prepared easily, and, most importantly, (iii) can be separated magnetically, which is undoubtedly a great advantage from sustainable chemistry viewpoint. Among these options, earth-abundant iron oxide (magnetite and maghemite) or iron supports are considered a superior class for decorating (or being decorated with) various catalytic active shells (Cu, Pt, Ni, etc.…”

Nucleation and Growth of Magnetron‐Sputtered Ag Nanoparticles as Witnessed by Time‐Resolved Small Angle X‐Ray Scattering

“…The employment of highly nonequilibrium conditions favors tailoring the morphology of resultant NPs which strongly depends on the rate with which NPs equilibrate themselves with the ambient gas . Furthermore, mixing of two or more metals can be realized either simultaneously or sequentially giving rise to a wealth of homogeneous or heterogeneous nanoalloys, unattainable by conventional means . Despite great progress in laboratory synthesis of novel NPs with advanced functionalities, commercial applications of magnetron‐sputtered NPs are still far from being at hand.…”

Core@shell Cu/hydrocarbon plasma polymer nanoparticles prepared by gas aggregation cluster source followed by in‐flight plasma polymer coating

“…An alternative route for core@shell NPs production was then based on the use of two or even three independently operated magnetrons in a single aggregation chamber . The variation of magnetron currents applied to the individual magnetrons as well as their mutual position not only enabled to control the composition of fabricated NPs, but also gave possibility to fabricate various metallic core@shell and core@shell@shell NPs.…”